Devices and methods for processing touch inputs based on their intensities

ABSTRACT

An electronic device displays, on a display, a user interface. While displaying the user interface, the device detects an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the input while displaying the first user interface, and while detecting the input, in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies an activation intensity threshold, performs a first operation. The activation intensity threshold includes a first intensity threshold component that decreases from a first intensity value over time.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/866,992, filed Sep. 27, 2015, entitled “Devicesand Methods for Processing Touch Inputs Based on Their Intensities,”which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.62/215,621, filed Sep. 8, 2015, entitled “Devices and Methods forProcessing Touch Inputs Based on Their Intensities;” U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 62/213,589, filed Sep. 2, 2015, entitled “Devicesand Methods for Processing Touch Inputs Based on Their Intensities;” andU.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/203,387, filed Aug. 10, 2015,entitled “Devices, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces forManipulating User Interface Objects with Visual and/or Haptic Feedback,”all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.This application also claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 62/141,818, filed Apr. 1, 2015, entitled “Devices, Methods, andGraphical User Interfaces for Interacting with a Control Object whileDragging Another Object,” which is incorporated by reference herein inits entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitivesurfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with sensorsto detect intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surfaces.

BACKGROUND

The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers andother electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recentyears. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touchpads andtouch-screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate userinterface objects on a display.

Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size ofone or more user interface objects or activating buttons or openingfiles/applications represented by user interface objects, as well asassociating metadata with one or more user interface objects orotherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objectsinclude digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such asbuttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need toperform such manipulations on user interface objects in a filemanagement program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.),an image management application (e.g., Aperture, iPhoto, Photos fromApple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a digital content (e.g., videos andmusic) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), a drawing application, a presentation application(e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), a word processingapplication (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.), awebsite creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino,Calif.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers fromApple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.).

But existing methods for processing these manipulations are cumbersomeand inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer thannecessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration isparticularly important in battery-operated devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, the present disclosure provides electronic devices withfaster, more efficient methods for processing touch inputs. Such methodsand interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods forprocessing touch inputs. Such methods and interfaces provide a moreefficient human-machine interface by allowing customized processing oftouch inputs. Further, such methods reduce the processing power consumedto process touch inputs, conserve power, reduceunnecessary/extraneous/repetitive inputs, and potentially reduce memoryusage. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfacesconserve battery power and increase the time between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with userinterfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces arereduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, thedevice is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device isportable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handhelddevice). In some embodiments, the device is a personal electronic device(e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In someembodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the devicehas a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or“touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphicaluser interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or moremodules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory forperforming multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interactswith the GUI primarily through stylus and/or finger contacts andgestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, thefunctions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, wordprocessing, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, videoconferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digitalphotographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing,note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions forperforming these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium or other computer program productconfigured for execution by one or more processors. Alternatively, or inaddition, executable instructions for performing these functions are,optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium orother computer program product configured for execution by one or moreprocessors.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying a first user interface, anddetecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface while displaying thefirst user interface. The method further includes, in response todetecting the input while displaying the first user interface, inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensity inputcriteria including that the input satisfies a first intensity thresholdduring a first predefined time period, performing a first operation; andin accordance with a determination that the input satisfies long presscriteria including that the input remains below the first intensitythreshold during the first predefined time period, performing a secondoperation that is distinct from the first operation.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying a first user interface, anddetecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface while displaying thefirst user interface. The method further includes, in response todetecting the input while displaying the first user interface, inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensity inputcriteria including that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold,performing a first operation; and in accordance with a determinationthat the input satisfies pan criteria including that the input has movedacross the touch-sensitive surface by at least a predefined distance,performing a second operation that is distinct from the first operation.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying a first user interface, anddetecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface while displaying thefirst user interface. The method further includes, in response todetecting the input while displaying the first user interface, inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensity inputcriteria including that the input satisfies a first intensity thresholdand the input remains on the touch-sensitive surface for a firstpredefined time period, performing a first operation; and in accordancewith a determination that the input satisfies tap criteria includingthat the input ceases to remain on the touch-sensitive surface duringthe first predefined time period, performing a second operation that isdistinct from the first operation.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface of afirst software application, the first user interface including aplurality of user interface objects, a first user interface object ofthe plurality of user interface objects being associated with anapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations; detecting a first portion of an input by a contact while afocus selector is over the first user interface object, in the pluralityof user interface objects, on the display; and in response to detectingthe first portion of the input and in accordance with a determinationthat the first portion of the input satisfies reveal criteria includingthat the input satisfies a first intensity threshold, executing theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations, including providing preview content to theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions. The previewoperations performed by executing the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions include: visually distinguishing the first userinterface object in the first user interface; and, subsequent toinitiation of the visual distinction of the first user interface objectin the first user interface: receiving a second portion of the inputthat is subsequent to the first portion of the input; and, in accordancewith a determination that the second portion of the input satisfiespreview criteria including that the input satisfies a second intensitythreshold, displaying a preview area overlaid on the first userinterface. The preview area includes the preview content.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying a first user interface of afirst software application, the first user interface including aplurality of user interface objects, a first user interface object ofthe plurality of user interface objects being associated with anapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations; detecting a first portion of an input by a contact while afocus selector is over the first user interface object, in the pluralityof user interface objects, on the display; and in response to detectingthe first portion of the input and in accordance with a determinationthat the first portion of the input meets preview criteria, executingthe application-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations. The preview operations performed by executing theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions include:displaying a preview area overlaid on the first user interface; afterdetecting the first portion of the input, detecting a second portion ofthe input; and, in response to detecting the second portion of the inputby the contact, in accordance with a determination that the secondportion of the input meets user-interface-replacement criteria,replacing display of the first user interface with a second userinterface that is distinct from the first user interface.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a userinterface of a software application; while displaying the user interfaceof the software application on the display, detecting an input on thetouch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the userinterface of the software application; and, in response to detecting theinput, sending from an application-independent set of instructions tothe software application intensity information that corresponds to theinput. The intensity information includes: a reference intensityassigned to the one or more sensors; and a characteristic intensity thatcorresponds to a detected intensity of the input.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a first userinterface of a software application; while displaying the first userinterface of the software application, detecting an input on thetouch-sensitive surface; and, while detecting the input: in response todetecting changes to intensity of the input, providing from anapplication-independent set of instructions to the software applicationa value of a first progress indicator that represents the changes to theintensity of the input; and updating the first user interface inaccordance with a set of instructions in the software application thatis different from the application-independent set of instructions andthe value of the first progress indicator.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying, on the display, a userinterface of a first third-party application that runs within anoperating system. Capabilities of the device are exposed to the firstthird-party application through an operating system framework of theoperating system. The operating system framework defines a plurality ofgesture classes that can be recognized by the device. A first gestureclass is associated with first gesture recognition criteria forrecognizing input detected on the touch-sensitive surface as a firstgesture when the first gesture recognition criteria are met. The firstthird-party application has associated a first portion of the userinterface with the first gesture from the first gesture class for afirst operation. The first third-party application has specified firstintensity criteria for the first gesture associated with the firstportion of the user interface for the first operation. The method alsoincludes, while displaying the user interface of the first third-partyapplication on the display, detecting an input on the touch-sensitivesurface at a location that corresponds to the first portion of the userinterface of the first third-party application. The method furtherincludes, in response to detecting the input: in accordance with adetermination that the input meets the first gesture recognitioncriteria and that the input meets the first intensity criteria specifiedby the first third-party application, performing the first operationassociated with the first portion of the user interface of the firstthird-party application; and, in accordance with a determination thatthe input meets the first gesture recognition criteria but does not meetthe first intensity criteria specified by the first third-partyapplication, forgoing performance of the first operation associated withthe first portion of the user interface of the first third-partyapplication.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying, on the display, a userinterface. The method also includes: while displaying the userinterface, detecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, inresponse to detecting the input while displaying the first userinterface, and while detecting the input, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, performing a first operation. The first timingcriteria require that the input remain on the touch-sensitive surfacewhile a first time period elapses. The first intensity input criteriarequire that the input satisfy a first intensity threshold at an end ofor subsequent to the first time period.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. The method includes displaying, on the display, a userinterface. The method also includes: while displaying the userinterface, detecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, inresponse to detecting the input while displaying the first userinterface, and while detecting the input, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies an activation intensitythreshold, performing a first operation. The activation intensitythreshold includes a first intensity threshold component that decreasesfrom a first intensity value over time.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to distinguish between a long press gesture and a deep pressinput and to perform distinct operations in response to the long pressgesture and the deep press input. More specifically, the processing unitis configured to enable display of a first user interface, and detect aninput on the touch-sensitive surface unit while enabling display of thefirst user interface, and in response to detecting the input whileenabling display of the first user interface, perform a first operationin accordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensityinput criteria including that the input satisfies a first intensitythreshold during a first predefined time period, and perform a secondoperation in accordance with a determination that the input satisfieslong press criteria including that the input remains below the firstintensity threshold during the first predefined time period.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to distinguish between a pan gesture and a deep press inputand to perform distinct operations in response to the pan gesture andthe deep press input. More specifically, the processing unit isconfigured to enable display of a first user interface, to detect aninput on the touch-sensitive surface unit while enabling display of thefirst user interface, and in response to detecting the input whileenabling display of the first user interface, perform a first operationin accordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensityinput criteria including that the input satisfies a first intensitythreshold, and perform a second operation in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies pan criteria including that theinput has moved across the touch-sensitive surface by at least apredefined distance.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to distinguish between a tap gesture input and a deep pressinput and to perform distinct operations in response to the tap gestureand the deep press input. In such embodiments, the processing unit isconfigured to enable display of a first user interface, and is furtherconfigured to detect an input on the touch-sensitive surface unit whileenabling display of the first user interface, and in response todetecting the input while enabling display of the first user interface,perform a first operation in accordance with a determination that theinput satisfies intensity input criteria including that the inputsatisfies a first intensity threshold and the input remains on thetouch-sensitive surface for a first predefined time period, and performa second operation in accordance with a determination that the inputsatisfies long press criteria including that the input ceases to remainon the touch-sensitive surface during the first predefined time period.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display one or more user interfaces, atouch-sensitive surface unit to receive user inputs, one or more sensorunits to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surfaceunit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, thetouch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. Theprocessing unit is configured to: enable display of a first userinterface of a first software application, the first user interfaceincluding a plurality of user interface objects, a first user interfaceobject of the plurality of user interface objects being associated withan application-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations; detect a first portion of an input by a contact while afocus selector is over the first user interface object, in the pluralityof user interface objects, on the display unit; and in response todetecting the first portion of the input and in accordance with adetermination that the first portion of the input satisfies revealcriteria including that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold,execute the application-independent set of predefined instructions forpreview operations, including providing preview content to theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions. The previewoperations performed by executing the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions include: visually distinguishing the first userinterface object in the first user interface; and, subsequent toinitiation of the visual distinction of the first user interface objectin the first user interface: receiving a second portion of the inputthat is subsequent to the first portion of the input; and, in accordancewith a determination that the second portion of the input satisfiespreview criteria including that the input satisfies a second intensitythreshold, enabling display of a preview area overlaid on the first userinterface. The preview area includes the preview content.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display one or more user interfaces, atouch-sensitive surface unit to receive user inputs, one or more sensorunits to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surfaceunit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, thetouch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. Theprocessing unit is configured to: enable display of a first userinterface of a first software application, the first user interfaceincluding a plurality of user interface objects, a first user interfaceobject of the plurality of user interface objects being associated withan application-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations; detect a first portion of an input by a contact while afocus selector is over the first user interface object, in the pluralityof user interface objects, on the display unit; and in response todetecting the first portion of the input and in accordance with adetermination that the first portion of the input meets previewcriteria, execute the application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations. The preview operations performed byexecuting the application-independent set of predefined instructionsinclude: enabling display of a preview area overlaid on the first userinterface; after detecting the first portion of the input, detecting asecond portion of the input; and, in response to detecting the secondportion of the input by the contact, in accordance with a determinationthat the second portion of the input meets user-interface-replacementcriteria, replacing display of the first user interface with a seconduser interface that is distinct from the first user interface.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit configured to receive user inputs, one or more sensor unitsconfigured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, thetouch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. Theprocessing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display unit,of a user interface of a software application; while enabling display ofthe user interface of the software application on the display unit,detect an input on the touch-sensitive surface unit at a location thatcorresponds to the user interface of the software application; and, inresponse to detecting the input, send from an application-independentset of instructions to the software application intensity informationthat corresponds to the input. The intensity information includes: areference intensity assigned to the one or more sensors; and acharacteristic intensity that corresponds to a detected intensity of theinput.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit configured to receive user inputs, one or more sensor unitsconfigured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface unit; and a processing unit coupled with the display unit, thetouch-sensitive surface unit, and the one or more sensor units. Theprocessing unit is configured to: enable display, on the display unit,of a first user interface of a software application; while enablingdisplay of the first user interface of the software application, detectan input on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and, while detecting theinput: in response to detecting changes to intensity of the input,provide from an application-independent set of instructions to thesoftware application a value of a first progress indicator thatrepresents the changes to the intensity of the input; and update thefirst user interface in accordance with a set of instructions in thesoftware application that is different from the application-independentset of instructions and the value of the first progress indicator.

In accordance with some embodiments, a display unit configured todisplay user interfaces; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured toreceive contacts; one or more sensor units configured to detectintensity of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to enable display, on the display unit, of a user interfaceof a first third-party application that runs within an operating system.Capabilities of the device are exposed to the first third-partyapplication through an operating system framework of the operatingsystem. The operating system framework defines a plurality of gestureclasses that can be recognized by the device. A first gesture class isassociated with first gesture recognition criteria for recognizing inputdetected on the touch-sensitive surface as a first gesture when thefirst gesture recognition criteria are met. The first third-partyapplication has associated a first portion of the user interface withthe first gesture from the first gesture class for a first operation.The first third-party application has specified first intensity criteriafor the first gesture associated with the first portion of the userinterface for the first operation. The processing unit is alsoconfigured to: while enabling display of the user interface of the firstthird-party application on the display unit, detect an input on thetouch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the firstportion of the user interface of the first third-party application; and,in response to detecting the input: in accordance with a determinationthat the input meets the first gesture recognition criteria and that theinput meets the first intensity criteria specified by the firstthird-party application, perform the first operation associated with thefirst portion of the user interface of the first third-partyapplication; and, in accordance with a determination that the inputmeets the first gesture recognition criteria but does not meet the firstintensity criteria specified by the first third-party application, forgoperformance of the first operation associated with the first portion ofthe user interface of the first third-party application.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: enable display, on the display unit, a user interface;while enabling display of the user interface, detect an input on thetouch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response to detecting the inputwhile enabling display of the first user interface, and while detectingthe input, in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesfirst timing criteria and first intensity input criteria, perform afirst operation. The first timing criteria require that the input remainon the touch-sensitive surface unit while a first time period elapses.The first intensity input criteria require that the input satisfy afirst intensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to the first timeperiod.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay unit configured to display a user interface, a touch-sensitivesurface unit to receive contacts, one or more sensor units to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; and aprocessing unit coupled with the display unit, the touch-sensitivesurface unit, and the one or more sensor units. The processing unit isconfigured to: enable display, on the display unit, of a user interface;while enabling display of the user interface, detect an input on thetouch-sensitive surface unit; and, in response to detecting the inputwhile enabling display of the first user interface, and while detectingthe input: in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesan activation intensity threshold, perform a first operation. Theactivation intensity threshold includes a first intensity thresholdcomponent that decreases from a first intensity value over time.

In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or moreprocessors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programsare stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one ormore processors and the one or more programs include instructions forperforming or causing performance of the operations of any of themethods described herein. In some embodiments, the electronic deviceincludes one or more sensors to detect signals from a stylus associatedwith the electronic device. In accordance with some embodiments, acomputer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computerreadable storage medium, or alternatively, a transitory computerreadable storage medium) has stored therein instructions which whenexecuted by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform or causeperformance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. Inaccordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, one or moresensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or moreprograms stored in the memory includes one or more of the elementsdisplayed in any of the methods described above, which are updated inresponse to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein.In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means forperforming or causing performance of the operations of any of themethods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, aninformation processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes meansfor performing or causing performance of the operations of any of themethods described herein.

Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and oneor more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfacesfor processing of touch inputs, thereby increasing the effectiveness andefficiency of such devices, and user satisfaction with such devices.Furthermore, such methods and interfaces reduce processing power, reducememory usage, reduce battery usage, and/or reduce unnecessary orextraneous or repetitive inputs. Furthermore, such methods andinterfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for processingof touch inputs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments,reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, inconjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numeralsrefer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction devicewith a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating transfer of an event object inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screenin accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic stylus inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate a positional state of a stylus relative to atouch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 6B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunctiondevice with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the displayin accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 7A-7BBB illustrate exemplary user interfaces for processing touchinputs and associated information in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 8A-8E are flow diagrams illustrating a method of disambiguating along press input and a deep press input in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of disambiguating apan gesture input and a deep press input in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 10A-10D are flow diagrams illustrating a method of disambiguatinga tap gesture input and a deep press input in accordance with someembodiments.

FIG. 11A is a high level flow diagram illustrating a method ofprocessing touch inputs using application-independent set of predefinedinstructions in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 11B-11D are flow diagrams illustrating methods of processing touchinputs using application-independent set of predefined instructions inaccordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processing atouch input using a predefined data structure in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 13A-13B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processing atouch input using a force gesture progress indicator in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIGS. 14A-14C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processingtouch inputs based on intensity criteria specified by third-partyapplications in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 15A-15B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processingtouch inputs based on dynamic thresholds in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 16A-16B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processingtouch inputs based on dynamic thresholds in accordance with someembodiments.

FIGS. 17-23 are functional block diagrams of an electronic device inaccordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Many electronic devices store applications to allow certainmanipulations of displayed user interface objects in response to touchinputs. However, conventional methods and user interfaces areinefficient. The disclosed embodiments address these limitations anddisadvantages.

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3 provide a description of exemplary devices.FIG. 4 provides a description of an exemplary electronic stylus. FIGS.5A-5B illustrate a positional state of a stylus relative to atouch-sensitive surface. FIGS. 6A-6B and 7A-7BBB illustrate exemplaryuser interfaces for processing touch inputs with instructions in a webpage. FIGS. 8A-8E are flow diagrams illustrating a method ofdisambiguating a long press input and a deep press input. FIGS. 9A-9Dare flow diagrams illustrating a method of disambiguating a pan gestureinput and a deep press input. FIGS. 10A-10D are flow diagramsillustrating a method of disambiguating a tap gesture input and a deeppress input. FIGS. 11A-11D are flow diagrams illustrating methods ofprocessing touch inputs using application-independent set of predefinedinstructions. FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method ofprocessing a touch input using a predefined data structure. FIGS.13A-13B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processing a touchinput using a force gesture progress indicator. FIGS. 14A-14C are flowdiagrams illustrating a method of processing touch inputs based onintensity criteria specified by third-party applications. FIGS. 15A-15Bare flow diagrams illustrating a method of processing touch inputs basedon dynamic thresholds. FIGS. 16A-16B are flow diagrams illustrating amethod of processing touch inputs based on dynamic thresholds. The userinterfaces in FIGS. 7A-7BBB are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 8A-8E, 9A-9D, 10A-10D, 11A-11D, 12A-12B, 13A-13B, 14A-14C, 15A-15Band FIGS. 16A-16B.

Exemplary Devices

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detaileddescription, numerous specific details are set forth in order to providea thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However,it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the variousdescribed embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components,circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not tounnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc.are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, theseelements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only usedto distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contactcould be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact couldbe termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of thevarious described embodiments. The first contact and the second contactare both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the contextclearly indicates otherwise.

The terminology used in the description of the various describedembodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in thedescription of the various described embodiments and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as usedherein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. It will be furtherunderstood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or“comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence ofstated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/orcomponents, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or moreother features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when”or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,”depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or“if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construedto mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upondetecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting[the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, andassociated processes for using such devices are described. In someembodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as amobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/ormusic player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunctiondevices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad®devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronicdevices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitivesurfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are,optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in someembodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but isa desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screendisplay and/or a touchpad).

In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should beunderstood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes oneor more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physicalkeyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one ormore of the following: a note taking application, a drawing application,a presentation application, a word processing application, a websitecreation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheetapplication, a gaming application, a telephone application, a videoconferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messagingapplication, a workout support application, a photo managementapplication, a digital camera application, a digital video cameraapplication, a web browsing application, a digital music playerapplication, and/or a digital video player application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally useat least one common physical user-interface device, such as thetouch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitivesurface as well as corresponding information displayed on the deviceare, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the nextand/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physicalarchitecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the deviceoptionally supports the variety of applications with user interfacesthat are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices withtouch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustratingportable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and issometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device 100 includesmemory 102 (which optionally includes one or more non-transitorycomputer readable storage mediums), memory controller 122, one or moreprocessing units (CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output(I/O) subsystem 106, other input or control devices 116, and externalport 124. Device 100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors164. Device 100 optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165for detecting intensity of contacts on device 100 (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 ofdevice 100). Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 163 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g.,generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such astouch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 ofdevice 300). These components optionally communicate over one or morecommunication buses or signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output”refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previousposition of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., atouch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component(e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relativeto a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the deviceor the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a userthat is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of auser's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacementwill be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding toa perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or thecomponent of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally,interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physicalactuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensationsuch as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement ofa physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surfacethat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. Asanother example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally,interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitivesurface, even when there is no change in smoothness of thetouch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a userwill be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user,there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a largemajority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described ascorresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “upclick,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, thegenerated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of thedevice or a component thereof that will generate the described sensoryperception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of aportable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has moreor fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or morecomponents, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangementof the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A areimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof,including one or more signal processing and/or application specificintegrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or moremagnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or othernon-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by othercomponents of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripheralsinterface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The one or moreprocessors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions fordevice 100 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memorycontroller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implementedon separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates withcommunications networks and other communications devices via theelectromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-knowncircuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited toan antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner,one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, asubscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RFcircuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wirelesscommunication optionally uses any of a plurality of communicationsstandards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited toGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSMEnvironment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol fore-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post officeprotocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging andpresence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for InstantMessaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messagingand Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or anyother suitable communication protocol, including communication protocolsnot yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audiointerface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receivesaudio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to anelectrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111.Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts theelectrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data toperipherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally,retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jackprovides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audioinput/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headsetwith both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input(e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, suchas touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionallyincludes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158,intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and oneor more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. Theone or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signalsfrom/to other input or control devices 116. The other input or controldevices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons,rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels,and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: akeyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device suchas a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) optionallyinclude an up/down button for volume control of speaker 111 and/ormicrophone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button(e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and anoutput interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive displaysystem 112. Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output tothe user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons,video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). Insome embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds touser-interface objects.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensoror set of sensors that accepts input from the user based onhaptic/tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and displaycontroller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets ofinstructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breakingof the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts thedetected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., oneor more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed ontouch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, a point ofcontact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the usercorresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystaldisplay) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, orLED (light emitting diode) technology, although other displaytechnologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and anymovement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensingtechnologies now known or later developed, including but not limited tocapacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies,as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements fordetermining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive displaysystem 112. In some embodiments, projected mutual capacitance sensingtechnology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, andiPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution inexcess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen videoresolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater).The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger,and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed towork with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precisethan stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger onthe touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the roughfinger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command forperforming the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating ordeactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad isa touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, doesnot display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, atouch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by thetouch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 162 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor(s) 164 optionally includecharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s) 164 receive light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the lightto data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143(also called a camera module), optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capturestill images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor islocated on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 on the front of the device, so that the touch screen isenabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video imageacquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located onthe front of the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., forselfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other videoconference participants on the touch screen, etc.).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled withintensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensitysensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more piezoresistive straingauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectricforce sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitivesurfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure theforce (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contactintensity sensor(s) 165 receive contact intensity information (e.g.,pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from theenvironment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensoris collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least onecontact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100, oppositetouch-screen display system 112 which is located on the front of device100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166.FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with peripherals interface118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is coupled with input controller160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, the proximity sensorturns off and disables touch-sensitive display system 112 when themultifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the useris making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 163. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled withhaptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. Tactile outputgenerator(s) 163 optionally include one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). In some embodiments, tactile output generator(s) 163 receivetactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module 133and generates tactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of beingsensed by a user of device 100. In some embodiments, at least onetactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, atouch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and,optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitivesurface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) orlaterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensoris located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive displaysystem 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 167,gyroscopes 168, and/or magnetometers 169 (e.g., as part of an inertialmeasurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning theposition (e.g., attitude) of the device. FIG. 1A shows sensors 167, 168,and 169 coupled with peripherals interface 118. Alternately, sensors167, 168, and 169 are, optionally, coupled with an input controller 160in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, information is displayed onthe touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based onan analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device100 optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigationsystem) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning thelocation of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102include operating system 126, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130,position module (or set of instructions) 131, graphics module (or set ofinstructions) 132, haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133,text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global PositioningSystem (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (orsets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3.Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: activeapplication state, indicating which applications, if any, are currentlyactive; display state, indicating what applications, views or otherinformation occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device'svarious sensors and other input or control devices 116; and locationand/or positional information concerning the device's location and/orattitude.

Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between varioushardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devicesover one or more external ports 124 and also includes various softwarecomponents for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/orexternal port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices orindirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). Insome embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin)connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devicesfrom Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the externalport is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/orcompatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPodTouch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact withtouch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with displaycontroller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad orphysical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes softwarecomponents for performing various operations related to detection ofcontact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining ifcontact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determiningan intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contactor a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determiningif there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-draggingevents), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting afinger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determiningmovement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series ofcontact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude),velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change inmagnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operationsare, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contactsor stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g.,“multitouch”/multiple finger contacts and/or stylus contacts). In someembodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detectcontact on a touchpad.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user.Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contactpatterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities ofdetected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected bydetecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a fingertap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detectinga finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially thesame position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of anicon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on thetouch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followedby detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap,swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus bydetecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.

Position module 131, in conjunction with accelerometers 167, gyroscopes168, and/or magnetometers 169, optionally detects positional informationconcerning the device, such as the device's attitude (roll, pitch,and/or yaw) in a particular frame of reference. Position module 130includes software components for performing various operations relatedto detecting the position of the device and detecting changes to theposition of the device. In some embodiments, position module 131 usesinformation received from a stylus being used with the device to detectpositional information concerning the stylus, such as detecting thepositional state of the stylus relative to the device and detectingchanges to the positional state of the stylus.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components forrendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112or other display, including components for changing the visual impact(e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visualproperty) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term“graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user,including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such asuser-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos,animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representinggraphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned acorresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applicationsetc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with,if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and thengenerates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components forgenerating instructions (e.g., instructions used by haptic feedbackcontroller 161) to produce tactile outputs using tactile outputgenerator(s) 163 at one or more locations on device 100 in response touser interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphicsmodule 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in variousapplications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, andany other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 foruse in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata,and to applications that provide location-based services such as weatherwidgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets ofinstructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact        list);    -   telephone module 138;    -   video conferencing module 139;    -   e-mail client module 140;    -   instant messaging (IM) module 141;    -   workout support module 142;    -   camera module 143 for still and/or video images;    -   image management module 144;    -   browser module 147;    -   calendar module 148;    -   widget modules 149, which optionally include one or more of:        weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget        149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and        other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created        widgets 149-6;    -   widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6;    -   search module 151;    -   video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up        of a video player module and a music player module;    -   notes module 153;    -   map module 154; and/or    -   online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory 102 include other word processing applications, other imageediting applications, drawing applications, presentation applications,JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voicerecognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, contacts module 137 includes executable instructions tomanage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in applicationinternal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370),including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from theaddress book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es),physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating animage with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephonenumbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitatecommunications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134,telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter asequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access oneor more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone numberthat has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct aconversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation iscompleted. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally usesany of a plurality of communications standards, protocols andtechnologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111,microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contactmodule 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includesexecutable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a videoconference between a user and one or more other participants inaccordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executableinstructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response touser instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144,e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mailswith still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includesexecutable instructions to enter a sequence of characters correspondingto an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, totransmit a respective instant message (for example, using a ShortMessage Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol fortelephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple PushNotification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instantmessages), to receive instant messages and to view received instantmessages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instantmessages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video filesand/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an EnhancedMessaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers toboth telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) andInternet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs,or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and music playermodule 146, workout support module 142 includes executable instructionsto create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burninggoals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smartwatches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitora workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store andtransmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158,contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture stillimages or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete astill image or video from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text inputmodule 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includesexecutable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwisemanipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show oralbum), and store still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executableinstructions to browse the Internet in accordance with userinstructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displayingweb pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other fileslinked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create,display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars(e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 149are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by auser (e.g., weather widget 149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or createdby the user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments, awidget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS(Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In someembodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) fileand a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, the widget creatormodule 150 includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g.,turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to searchfor text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specifiedsearch terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video andmusic player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow theuser to download and play back recorded music and other sound filesstored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, andexecutable instructions to display, present or otherwise play backvideos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an externaldisplay connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In someembodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, displaycontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text inputmodule 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to createand manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system112, display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, mapmodule 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify,and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions;data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particularlocation; and other location-based data) in accordance with userinstructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display systemcontroller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail clientmodule 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includesexecutable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive(e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on touch screen112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, andotherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such asH.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather thane-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular onlinevideo.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, andthus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structuresidentified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additionalmodules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of apredefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusivelythrough a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/ora touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons,dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through atouch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation betweenuser interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by theuser, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any userinterface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menubutton” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, themenu button is a physical push button or other physical input controldevice instead of a touchpad.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for eventhandling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 102 (in FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter 170 (e.g.,in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., anyof the aforementioned applications 136, 137-155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines theapplication 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to whichto deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes eventmonitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments,application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, whichindicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitivedisplay system 112 when the application is active or executing. In someembodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, andapplication internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determineapplication views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additionalinformation, such as one or more of: resume information to be used whenapplication 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state informationthat indicates information being displayed or that is ready for displayby application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back toa prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue ofprevious actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., auser touch on touch-sensitive display system 112, as part of amulti-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information itreceives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor166, accelerometer(s) 167, gyroscope(s) 168, magnetometer(s) 169, and/ormicrophone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information thatperipherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includesinformation from touch-sensitive display system 112 or a touch-sensitivesurface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripheralsinterface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripheralsinterface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there isa significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predeterminednoise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit viewdetermination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determinationmodule 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures fordetermining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views,when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view.Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see onthe display.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is aset of views, sometimes herein called application views or userinterface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-basedgestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) inwhich a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levelswithin a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example,the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally,called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as properinputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hitview of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related tosub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multipleviews organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which shouldhandle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowestlevel view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the firstsub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potentialevent). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determinationmodule, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to thesame touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which viewor views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence ofsub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determinationmodule 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particularsequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizerdetermination module 173 determines that all views that include thephysical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, andtherefore determines that all actively involved views should receive aparticular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touchsub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with oneparticular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain asactively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an eventrecognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including activeevent recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined byactive event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the eventinformation, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170.Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet otherembodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part ofanother module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of eventhandlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of whichincludes instructions for handling touch events that occur within arespective view of the application's user interface. Each applicationview 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a pluralityof event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of eventrecognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interfacekit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application 136-1inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, objectupdater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from eventsorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the applicationinternal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in someembodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, andGUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

As used herein, a force event refers to a device-generated signal ordevice-generated data (e.g., a signal or a data object generated orupdated by device 100) to indicate status or a change in status of atouch input, such as beginning (e.g., satisfying a minimum forceintensity threshold), changing intensity (e.g., increasing or decreasingintensity of the touch input), or changing intensity status (e.g., hardpress to exceed an intensity threshold or release the touch input sothat the intensity falls below the intensity threshold) of the touchinput. Although force events are associated with physical touches (e.g.,touches with a finger and/or a stylus) on the touch-sensitive surface,the force events, as described herein, are distinct from the physicaltouches.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g.,event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from theevent information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 andevent comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 alsoincludes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event deliveryinstructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event deliveryinstructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. Theevent information includes information about a sub-event, for example, atouch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the eventinformation also includes additional information, such as location ofthe sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the eventinformation optionally also includes speed and direction of thesub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to alandscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event informationincludes corresponding information about the current orientation (alsocalled device attitude) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined eventor sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines anevent or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event orsub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes eventdefinitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events(e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1(187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events inan event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touchmovement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, thedefinition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object.The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) onthe displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on thedisplayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touchend) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition forevent 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, forexample, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for apredetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitivedisplay system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In someembodiments, the event also includes information for one or moreassociated event handlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of anevent for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, eventcomparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interfaceobject is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an applicationview in which three user-interface objects are displayed ontouch-sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected ontouch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hittest to determine which of the three user-interface objects isassociated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object isassociated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparatoruses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an eventhandler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hittest.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 alsoincludes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event informationuntil after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-eventsdoes or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series ofsub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, therespective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, eventfailed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequentsub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other eventrecognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue totrack and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate howthe event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to activelyinvolved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includesconfigurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how eventrecognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. Insome embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags,and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varyinglevels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates eventhandler 190 associated with an event when one or more particularsub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respectiveevent recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with theevent to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinctfrom sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view.In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated withthe recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flagcatches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-eventdelivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-eventwithout activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event deliveryinstructions deliver event information to event handlers associated withthe series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlersassociated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved viewsreceive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used inapplication 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephonenumber used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in videoplayer module 145. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates andupdates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of auser-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUIupdater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to dataupdater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In someembodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 orapplication view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two ormore software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding eventhandling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies toother forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 withinput-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. Forexample, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinatedwith single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movementssuch as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs;movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements;biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilizedas inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to berecognized.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating transfer of event object 194 inaccordance with some embodiments.

As described above with respect to FIG. 1A, contact/motion module 130determines status and/or a change in the status of a touch input. Insome embodiments, the device generates signal or data (e.g., in the formof a data object) to transfer the determined status and/or thedetermined change in the status of a touch input to one or more softwarecomponents. In some embodiments, the data object is called an eventobject (e.g., event object 194). An event object includes data thatrepresents the status of a corresponding touch input. In someembodiments, event object 194 is a mouse event object (because the touchinput is equivalent to an input by a mouse). For example, in suchembodiments, a touch input moving across a touch-sensitive surfacecorresponds to a mouse movement (e.g., a mouse moved event). In someother embodiments, event object 194 is a touch event object that isdistinct from a mouse event object. In some embodiments, the touch eventobject includes data that represents touch-specific properties of acorresponding touch input (e.g., a number of concurrent touches, anorientation of a finger contact or a stylus, etc.). In some embodiments,event object 194 is a force event object that is distinct from a mouseevent object (or a touch event object). In some embodiments, the forceevent object includes data that represents force event specificproperties of a corresponding touch input (e.g., an intensity applied bythe touch input, a stage/phase of the touch input, etc.). In someembodiments, the event object includes any combination of suchproperties (e.g., mouse event specific properties, touch event specificproperties, and force event specific properties).

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 generates (or updates) anevent object and sends an event object to one or more applications(e.g., application 136-1, such as e-mail client module 140 in FIG. 1A,and/or application 136-2, such as browser module 147). Alternatively,contact/information module 130 sends information regarding contacts(e.g., raw coordinates of contacts) to one or more applications (e.g.,application 1 (136-1) and/or application 2 (136-2)), and an applicationthat receives the information generates (or updates) one or more eventobjects. In some embodiments, an application includes touch-processingmodule 220 that generates (or updates) one or more event objects andsends the one or more event objects to a portion of the applicationother than touch-processing module 220. In some embodiments,touch-processing module 220 is application-independent (e.g., the sametouch-processing module is included in each of multiple distinctapplications, such as e-mail client application, browser application,etc.). As used herein, that touch-processing module 220 isapplication-independent means that touch-processing module 220 is notdesigned specifically for a particular software application. Thattouch-processing module 220 is application-independent does not meanthat touch-processing module 220 is located separate from its associatedapplication. Although touch-processing module 220, in some embodiments,is distinct and separate from its associated application, as shown inFIG. 1C, touch-processing module 220 is included in its associatedapplication in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the applicationalso includes an application core that is specific to the application.

In FIG. 1C, each of application 1 (136-1, such as a e-mail clientapplication) and application 2 (136-2, such as a browser application)includes touch processing module 220. In addition, application 1 (136-1)includes application core 1 (230-1) that is specific to application 1(136-1) and/or application 2 (136-2) includes application core 2 (230-2)that is specific to application 2 (136-2). For example, application core1 (230-1) includes instructions for performing operations specific toapplication 1 (136-1) (e.g., retrieving e-mails from one or more e-mailservers) and application core 2 (230-2) includes instructions forperforming operations specific to application 2 (136-2) (e.g.,bookmarking a web page).

In some embodiments, event object 194 is sent directly to thedestination (e.g., a software component, such as application core 1(230-1)). Optionally, event object 194 is sent through applicationprogramming interface 222. In some embodiments, event object 194 is sentby posting event object 194 (e.g., in queue 218-1) for retrieval byapplication core 1 (230-1).

In some embodiments, event object 194 includes force information. Insome embodiments, a mouse event object includes force information (e.g.,raw or normalized force applied by the touch input). In someembodiments, a touch event object includes force information. In someembodiments, a force event object includes force information.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touchscreen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112, FIG. 1A) in accordancewith some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or moregraphics within user interface (UI) 200. In these embodiments, as wellas others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more ofthe graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with oneor more fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or morestyluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments,selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contactwith the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gestureoptionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left toright, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of afinger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) thathas made contact with device 100. In some implementations orcircumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select thegraphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an applicationicon optionally does not select the corresponding application when thegesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, suchas “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set ofapplications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively,in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in aGUI displayed on the touch-screen display.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menubutton 204, push button 206 for powering the device on/off and lockingthe device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging externalport 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/offon the device by depressing the button and holding the button in thedepressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device bydepressing the button and releasing the button before the predefinedtime interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate anunlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbalinput for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile outputgenerators 163 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with adisplay and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with someembodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device(such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device(e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includesone or more processing units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or othercommunications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communicationbuses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) thatinterconnects and controls communications between system components.Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display340, which is typically a touch-screen display. I/O interface 330 alsooptionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generatingtactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile outputgenerator(s) 163 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359(e.g., touch-sensitive, optical, contact intensity, proximity,acceleration, attitude, and/or magnetic sensors similar to sensors 112,164, 165, 166, 167, 168, and 169 described above with reference to FIG.1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM,SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; andoptionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magneticdisk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memorydevices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 370optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located fromCPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules,and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and datastructures stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100(FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionallystores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present inmemory 102 of portable multifunction device 100. For example, memory 370of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380, presentation module382, word processing module 384, website creation module 386, diskauthoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet module 390, while memory 102 ofportable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A) optionally does not storethese modules.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3 is, optionally, storedin one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of theabove identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions forperforming a function described above. The above identified modules orprograms (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented asseparate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus varioussubsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwisere-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identifiedabove. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules anddata structures not described above.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary electronic stylus 203 inaccordance with some embodiments. Electronic stylus 203 is sometimessimply called a stylus. Stylus 203 includes memory 402 (which optionallyincludes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memorycontroller 422, one or more processing units (CPUs) 420, peripheralsinterface 418, RF circuitry 408, input/output (I/O) subsystem 406, andother input or control devices 416. Stylus 203 optionally includesexternal port 424 and one or more optical sensors 464. Stylus 203optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 465 for detectingintensity of contacts of stylus 203 on device 100 (e.g., when stylus 203is used with a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive displaysystem 112 of device 100) or on other surfaces (e.g., a desk surface).Stylus 203 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 463for generating tactile outputs on stylus 203. These componentsoptionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signallines 403.

In some embodiments, the term “tactile output,” discussed above, refersto physical displacement of an accessory (e.g., stylus 203) of a device(e.g., device 100) relative to a previous position of the accessory,physical displacement of a component of an accessory relative to anothercomponent of the accessory, or displacement of the component relative toa center of mass of the accessory that will be detected by a user withthe user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where theaccessory or the component of the accessory is in contact with a surfaceof a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or otherpart of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physicaldisplacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensationcorresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of theaccessory or the component of the accessory. For example, movement of acomponent (e.g., the housing of stylus 203) is, optionally, interpretedby the user as a “click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, auser will feel a tactile sensation such as a “click” even when there isno movement of a physical actuator button associated with the stylusthat is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements.While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to theindividualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensoryperceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus,when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particularsensory perception of a user (e.g., a “click,”), unless otherwisestated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physicaldisplacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate thedescribed sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.

It should be appreciated that stylus 203 is only one example of anelectronic stylus, and that stylus 203 optionally has more or fewercomponents than shown, optionally combines two or more components, oroptionally has a different configuration or arrangement of thecomponents. The various components shown in FIG. 4 are implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one ormore signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Memory 402 optionally includes high-speed random access memory andoptionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more flashmemory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Accessto memory 402 by other components of stylus 203, such as CPU(s) 420 andthe peripherals interface 418, is, optionally, controlled by memorycontroller 422.

Peripherals interface 418 can be used to couple input and outputperipherals of the stylus to CPU(s) 420 and memory 402. The one or moreprocessors 420 run or execute various software programs and/or sets ofinstructions stored in memory 402 to perform various functions forstylus 203 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 418, CPU(s) 420, and memorycontroller 422 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip 404. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implementedon separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 408 receives and sends RF signals, alsocalled electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 408 converts electricalsignals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with device 100or 300, communications networks, and/or other communications devices viathe electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 408 optionally includeswell-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but notlimited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers,a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODECchipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth.RF circuitry 408 optionally communicates with networks, such as theInternet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranetand/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, awireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network(MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wirelesscommunication optionally uses any of a plurality of communicationsstandards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited toGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSMEnvironment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA),high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO),HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), nearfield communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multipleaccess (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a,IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol fore-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post officeprotocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging andpresence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for InstantMessaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messagingand Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or anyother suitable communication protocol, including communication protocolsnot yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

I/O subsystem 406 couples input/output peripherals on stylus 203, suchas other input or control devices 416, with peripherals interface 418.I/O subsystem 406 optionally includes optical sensor controller 458,intensity sensor controller 459, haptic feedback controller 461, and oneor more input controllers 460 for other input or control devices. Theone or more input controllers 460 receive/send electrical signalsfrom/to other input or control devices 416. The other input or controldevices 416 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons,rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, click wheels, and soforth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 460 are,optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: an infraredport and/or a USB port.

Stylus 203 also includes power system 462 for powering the variouscomponents. Power system 462 optionally includes a power managementsystem, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current(AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a powerconverter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emittingdiode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation,management and distribution of power in portable devices and/or portableaccessories.

Stylus 203 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 464.FIG. 4 shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller458 in I/O subsystem 406. Optical sensor(s) 464 optionally includecharge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s) 464 receive light from theenvironment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the lightto data representing an image.

Stylus 203 optionally also includes one or more contact intensitysensors 465. FIG. 4 shows a contact intensity sensor coupled withintensity sensor controller 459 in I/O subsystem 406. Contact intensitysensor(s) 465 optionally include one or more piezoresistive straingauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectricforce sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitivesurfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure theforce (or pressure) of a contact on a surface). Contact intensitysensor(s) 465 receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressureinformation or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment.In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocatedwith, or proximate to, a tip of stylus 203.

Stylus 203 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 466.FIG. 4 shows proximity sensor 466 coupled with peripherals interface418. Alternately, proximity sensor 466 is coupled with input controller460 in I/O subsystem 406. In some embodiments, the proximity sensordetermines proximity of stylus 203 to an electronic device (e.g., device100).

Stylus 203 optionally also includes one or more tactile outputgenerators 463. FIG. 4 shows a tactile output generator coupled withhaptic feedback controller 461 in I/O subsystem 406. Tactile outputgenerator(s) 463 optionally include one or more electroacoustic devicessuch as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanicaldevices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor,solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostaticactuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., acomponent that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on thedevice). Tactile output generator(s) 463 receive tactile feedbackgeneration instructions from haptic feedback module 433 and generatestactile outputs on stylus 203 that are capable of being sensed by a userof stylus 203. In some embodiments, at least one tactile outputgenerator is collocated with, or proximate to, a length (e.g., a body ora housing) of stylus 203 and, optionally, generates a tactile output bymoving stylus 203 vertically (e.g., in a direction parallel to thelength of stylus 203) or laterally (e.g., in a direction normal to thelength of stylus 203).

Stylus 203 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 467,gyroscopes 468, and/or magnetometers 470 (e.g., as part of an inertialmeasurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning thelocation and positional state of stylus 203. FIG. 4 shows sensors 467,469, and 470 coupled with peripherals interface 418. Alternately,sensors 467, 469, and 470 are, optionally, coupled with an inputcontroller 460 in I/O subsystem 406. Stylus 203 optionally includes aGPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown)for obtaining information concerning the location of stylus 203.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 402include operating system 426, communication module (or set ofinstructions) 428, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 430,position module (or set of instructions) 431, and Global PositioningSystem (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 435. Furthermore, in someembodiments, memory 402 stores device/global internal state 457, asshown in FIG. 4. Device/global internal state 457 includes one or moreof: sensor state, including information obtained from the stylus'svarious sensors and other input or control devices 416; positionalstate, including information regarding the stylus's position (e.g.,position, orientation, tilt, roll and/or distance, as shown in FIGS. 5Aand 5B) relative to a device (e.g., device 100); and locationinformation concerning the stylus's location (e.g., determined by GPSmodule 435).

Operating system 426 (e.g., iOS, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includesvarious software components and/or drivers for controlling and managinggeneral system tasks (e.g., memory management, power management, etc.)and facilitates communication between various hardware and softwarecomponents.

Communication module 428 optionally facilitates communication with otherdevices over one or more external ports 424 and also includes varioussoftware components for handling data received by RF circuitry 408and/or external port 424. External port 424 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus(USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devicesor indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.).In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that isthe same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightningconnector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices fromApple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Contact/motion module 430 optionally detects contact with stylus 203 andother touch-sensitive devices of stylus 203 (e.g., buttons or othertouch-sensitive components of stylus 203). Contact/motion module 430includes software components for performing various operations relatedto detection of contact (e.g., detection of a tip of the stylus with atouch-sensitive display, such as touch screen 112 of device 100, or withanother surface, such as a desk surface), such as determining if contacthas occurred (e.g., detecting a touch-down event), determining anintensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact ora substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining ifthere is movement of the contact and tracking the movement (e.g., acrosstouch screen 112 of device 100), and determining if the contact hasceased (e.g., detecting a lift-off event or a break in contact). In someembodiments, contact/motion module 430 receives contact data from I/Osubsystem 406. Determining movement of the point of contact, which isrepresented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determiningspeed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or anacceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point ofcontact. As noted above, in some embodiments, one or more of theseoperations related to detection of contact are performed by the deviceusing contact/motion module 130 (in addition to or in place of thestylus using contact/motion module 430).

Contact/motion module 430 optionally detects a gesture input by stylus203. Different gestures with stylus 203 have different contact patterns(e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detectedcontacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting aparticular contact pattern. For example, detecting a single tap gestureincludes detecting a touch-down event followed by detecting a lift-offevent at the same position (or substantially the same position) as thetouch-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example,detecting a swipe gesture includes detecting a touch-down event followedby detecting one or more stylus-dragging events, and subsequentlyfollowed by detecting a lift-off event. As noted above, in someembodiments, gesture detection is performed by the device usingcontact/motion module 130 (in addition to or in place of the stylususing contact/motion module 430).

Position module 431, in conjunction with accelerometers 467, gyroscopes468, and/or magnetometers 469, optionally detects positional informationconcerning the stylus, such as the stylus's attitude (roll, pitch,and/or yaw) in a particular frame of reference. Position module 431, inconjunction with accelerometers 467, gyroscopes 468, and/ormagnetometers 469, optionally detects stylus movement gestures, such asflicks, taps, and rolls of the stylus. Position module 431 includessoftware components for performing various operations related todetecting the position of the stylus and detecting changes to theposition of the stylus in a particular frame of reference. In someembodiments, position module 431 detects the positional state of thestylus relative to the device and detects changes to the positionalstate of the stylus relative to the device. As noted above, in someembodiments, device 100 or 300 determines the positional state of thestylus relative to the device and changes to the positional state of thestylus using position module 131 (in addition to or in place of thestylus using position module 431).

Haptic feedback module 433 includes various software components forgenerating instructions used by tactile output generator(s) 463 toproduce tactile outputs at one or more locations on stylus 203 inresponse to user interactions with stylus 203.

GPS module 435 determines the location of the stylus and provides thisinformation for use in various applications (e.g., to applications thatprovide location-based services such as an application to find missingdevices and/or accessories).

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to aset of executable instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above and the methods described in this application (e.g., thecomputer-implemented methods and other information processing methodsdescribed herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need notbe implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, andthus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined orotherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory 402 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structuresidentified above. Furthermore, memory 402 optionally stores additionalmodules and data structures not described above.

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate a positional state of stylus 203 relative to atouch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen 112 of device 100) inaccordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the positionalstate of stylus 203 corresponds to (or indicates): a position of aprojection of a tip (or other representative portion) of the stylus onthe touch-sensitive surface (e.g., (x,y) position 504, FIG. 5A), anorientation of the stylus relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,orientation 506, FIG. 5A), a tilt of the stylus relative to thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., tilt 512, FIG. 5B), and/or a distance ofthe stylus relative to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., distance 514,FIG. 5B). In some embodiments, the positional state of stylus 203corresponds to (or indicates) a pitch, yaw, and/or roll of the stylus(e.g., an attitude of the stylus relative to a particular frame ofreference, such as a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen 112) orthe ground). In some embodiments, the positional state includes a set ofpositional parameters (e.g., one or more positional parameters). In someembodiments, the positional state is detected in accordance with one ormore measurements from stylus 203 that are sent to an electronic device(e.g., device 100). For example, the stylus measures the tilt (e.g.,tilt 512, FIG. 5B) and/or the orientation (e.g., orientation 506, FIG.5A) of the stylus and sends the measurement to device 100. In someembodiments, the positional state is detected in accordance with rawoutput, from one or more electrodes in the stylus, that is sensed by atouch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch screen 112 of device 100) insteadof, or in combination with positional state detected in accordance withone or more measurements from stylus 203. For example, thetouch-sensitive surface receives raw output from one or more electrodesin the stylus and calculates the tilt and/or the orientation of thestylus based on the raw output (optionally, in conjunction withpositional state information provided by the stylus based on sensormeasurements generated by the stylus).

FIG. 5A illustrates stylus 203 relative to a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch screen 112 of device 100) from a viewpoint directly abovethe touch-sensitive surface, in accordance with some embodiments. InFIG. 5A, z axis 594 points out of the page (i.e., in a direction normalto a plane of touch screen 112), x axis 590 is parallel to a first edge(e.g., a length) of touch screen 112, y axis 592 is parallel to a secondedge (e.g., a width) of touch screen 112, and y axis 592 isperpendicular to x axis 590.

FIG. 5A illustrates the tip of stylus 203 at (x,y) position 504. In someembodiments, the tip of stylus 203 is a terminus of the stylusconfigured for determining proximity of the stylus to a touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., touch screen 112). In some embodiments, the projection ofthe tip of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface is an orthogonalprojection. In other words, the projection of the tip of the stylus onthe touch-sensitive surface is a point at the end of a line from thestylus tip to the touch-sensitive surface that is normal to a surface ofthe touch-sensitive surface (e.g., (x,y) position 504 at which the tipof the stylus would touch the touch-sensitive surface if the stylus weremoved directly along a path normal to the touch-sensitive surface). Insome embodiments, the (x,y) position at the lower left corner of touchscreen 112 is position (0,0) (e.g., (0,0) position 502) and other (x,y)positions on touch screen 112 are relative to the lower left corner oftouch screen 112. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the (0,0) positionis located at another position of touch screen 112 (e.g., in the centerof touch screen 112) and other (x,y) positions are relative to the (0,0)position of touch screen 112.

Further, FIG. 5A illustrates stylus 203 with orientation 506. In someembodiments, orientation 506 is an orientation of a projection of stylus203 onto touch screen 112 (e.g., an orthogonal projection of a length ofstylus 203 or a line corresponding to the line between the projection oftwo different points of stylus 203 onto touch screen 112). In someembodiments, orientation 506 is relative to at least one axis in a planeparallel to touch screen 112. In some embodiments, orientation 506 isrelative to a single axis in a plane parallel to touch screen 112 (e.g.,axis 508, with a clockwise rotation angle from axis 508 ranging from 0degrees to 360 degrees, as shown in FIG. 5A). Alternatively, in someembodiments, orientation 506 is relative to a pair of axes in a planeparallel to touch screen 112 (e.g., x axis 590 and y axis 592, as shownin FIG. 5A, or a pair of axes associated with an application displayedon touch screen 112).

In some embodiments, an indication (e.g., indication 516) is displayedon a touch-sensitive display (e.g., touch screen 112 of device 100). Insome embodiments, indication 516 shows where the stylus will touch (ormark) the touch-sensitive display before the stylus touches thetouch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, indication 516 is aportion of a mark that is being drawn on the touch-sensitive display. Insome embodiments, indication 516 is separate from a mark that is beingdrawn on the touch-sensitive display and corresponds to a virtual “pentip” or other element that indicates where a mark will be drawn on thetouch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, indication 516 is displayed in accordance with thepositional state of stylus 203. For example, in some circumstances,indication 516 is displaced from (x,y) position 504 (as shown in FIGS.5A and 5B), and in other circumstances, indication 516 is not displacedfrom (x,y) position 504 (e.g., indication 516 is displayed at or near(x,y) position 504 when tilt 512 is zero degrees). In some embodiments,indication 516 is displayed, in accordance with the positional state ofthe stylus, with varying color, size (or radius or area), opacity,and/or other characteristics. In some embodiments, the displayedindication accounts for thickness of a glass layer on thetouch-sensitive display, so as to carry through the indication “onto thepixels” of the touch-sensitive display, rather than displaying theindication “on the glass” that covers the pixels.

FIG. 5B illustrates stylus 203 relative to a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touch screen 112 of device 100) from a side viewpoint of thetouch-sensitive surface, in accordance with some embodiments. In FIG.5B, z axis 594 points in a direction normal to the plane of touch screen112, x axis 590 is parallel to a first edge (e.g., a length) of touchscreen 112, y axis 592 is parallel to a second edge (e.g., a width) oftouch screen 112, and y axis 592 is perpendicular to x axis 590.

FIG. 5B illustrates stylus 203 with tilt 512. In some embodiments, tilt512 is an angle relative to a normal (e.g., normal 510) to a surface ofthe touch-sensitive surface (also called simply the normal to thetouch-sensitive surface). As shown in FIG. 5B, tilt 512 is zero when thestylus is perpendicular/normal to the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,when stylus 203 is parallel to normal 510) and the tilt increases as thestylus is tilted closer to being parallel to the touch-sensitivesurface.

Further, FIG. 5B illustrates distance 514 of stylus 203 relative to thetouch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, distance 514 is thedistance from the tip of stylus 203 to the touch-sensitive surface, in adirection normal to the touch-sensitive surface. For example, in FIG.5B, distance 514 is the distance from the tip of stylus 203 to (x,y)position 504.

Although the terms, “x axis,” “y axis,” and “z axis,” are used herein toillustrate certain directions in particular figures, it will beunderstood that these terms do not refer to absolute directions. Inother words, an “x axis” could be any respective axis, and a “y axis”could be a particular axis that is distinct from the x axis. Typically,the x axis is perpendicular to the y axis. Similarly, a “z axis” isdistinct from the “x axis” and the “y axis,” and is typicallyperpendicular to both the “x axis” and the “y axis.”

Further, FIG. 5B illustrates roll 518, a rotation about the length (longaxis) of stylus 203.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.

FIG. 6A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu ofapplications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance withsome embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implementedon device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 600 includes thefollowing elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) 602 for wireless communication(s),        such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;    -   Time 604;    -   a Bluetooth indicator;    -   Battery status indicator 606;    -   Tray 608 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:        -   Icon 616 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which            optionally includes an indicator 614 of the number of missed            calls or voicemail messages;        -   Icon 618 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which            optionally includes an indicator 610 of the number of unread            e-mails;        -   Icon 620 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser;” and        -   Icon 622 for video and music player module 152, also            referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) module 152,            labeled “iPod;” and    -   Icons for other applications, such as:        -   Icon 624 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages;”        -   Icon 626 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar;”        -   Icon 628 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos;”        -   Icon 630 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera;”        -   Icon 632 for online video module 155, labeled “Online            Video;”        -   Icon 634 for stocks widget 149-2, labeled “Stocks;”        -   Icon 636 for map module 154, labeled “Maps;”        -   Icon 638 for weather widget 149-1, labeled “Weather;”        -   Icon 640 for alarm clock widget 169-6, labeled “Clock;”        -   Icon 642 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout            Support;”        -   Icon 644 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes;” and        -   Icon 646 for a settings application or module, which            provides access to settings for device 100 and its various            applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 6A aremerely exemplary. For example, in some embodiments, icon 622 for videoand music player module 152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Otherlabels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In someembodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a nameof an application corresponding to the respective application icon. Insome embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinctfrom a name of an application corresponding to the particularapplication icon.

FIG. 6B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 651 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from display 650. Device 300also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g.,one or more of sensors 359) for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch-sensitive surface 651 and/or one or more tactile output generators359 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 300.

FIG. 6B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface 651 (e.g., a tabletor touchpad 355, FIG. 3) that is separate from display 650. Many of theexamples that follow will be given with reference to a device thatdetects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from thedisplay, as shown in FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitivesurface (e.g., 651 in FIG. 6B) has a primary axis (e.g., 652 in FIG. 6B)that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 653 in FIG. 6B) on the display(e.g., 650). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detectscontacts (e.g., 660 and 662 in FIG. 6B) with touch-sensitive surface 651at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display(e.g., in FIG. 6B, 660 corresponds to 668 and 662 corresponds to 670).In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 660 and 662, and movementsthereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,651 in FIG. 6B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interfaceon the display (e.g., 650 in FIG. 6B) of the multifunction device whenthe touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should beunderstood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other userinterfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily withreference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures,finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in someembodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with inputfrom another input device (e.g., a stylus input).

As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input elementthat indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user isinteracting. In some implementations that include a cursor or otherlocation marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when aninput (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface(e.g., touchpad 355 in FIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface 651 in FIG. 6B)while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., abutton, window, slider or other user interface element), the particularuser interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detectedinput. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display(e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112 in FIG. 1A or the touch screenin FIG. 6A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elementson the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen actsas a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by thecontact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of aparticular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider orother user interface element), the particular user interface element isadjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations,focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region ofthe user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor ormovement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tabkey or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); inthese implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance withmovement of focus between different regions of the user interface.Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, thefocus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on atouch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as tocommunicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface(e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interfacewith which the user is intending to interact). For example, the locationof a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) overa respective button while a press input is detected on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicatethat the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposedto other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of acontact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure(force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact or a styluscontact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) forthe force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. Theintensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least fourdistinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values(e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined(or measured) using various approaches and various sensors orcombinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensorsunderneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally,used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface.In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensorsare combined (e.g., a weighted average or a sum) to determine anestimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of astylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on thetouch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact areadetected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, thecapacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contactand/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitivesurface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally,used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on thetouch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitutemeasurements for contact force or pressure are used directly todetermine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., theintensity threshold is described in units corresponding to thesubstitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitutemeasurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimatedforce or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used todetermine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., theintensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units ofpressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a userinput allows for user access to additional device functionality that mayotherwise not be readily accessible by the user on a reduced-size devicewith limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on atouch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via atouch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or aphysical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).

In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and/or 430 uses a set ofone or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation hasbeen performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has“clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of theintensity thresholds are determined in accordance with softwareparameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by theactivation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can beadjusted without changing the physical hardware of device 100). Forexample, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch-screen displaycan be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds valueswithout changing the trackpad or touch-screen display hardware.Additionally, in some embodiments, a user of the device is provided withsoftware settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensitythresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or byadjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with asystem-level click “intensity” parameter).

As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristicintensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact basedon one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. Thecharacteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number ofintensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during apredetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting thecontact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or afterdetecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an endof the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity ofthe contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity ofthe contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionallybased on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of thecontact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an averagevalue of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value ofthe intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of theintensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of theintensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, theduration of the contact is used in determining the characteristicintensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of theintensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, thecharacteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensitythresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by auser. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds mayinclude a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. Inthis example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does notexceed the first intensity threshold results in a first operation, acontact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensitythreshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results ina second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity thatexceeds the second intensity threshold results in a third operation. Insome embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity andone or more intensity thresholds is used to determine whether or not toperform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respectiveoption or forgo performing the respective operation) rather than beingused to determine whether to perform a first operation or a secondoperation.

In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposesof determining a characteristic intensity. For example, atouch-sensitive surface may receive a continuous swipe contacttransitioning from a start location and reaching an end location (e.g.,a drag gesture), at which point the intensity of the contact increases.In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the endlocation may be based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact,and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipecontact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithmmay be applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior todetermining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example,the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: anunweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothingalgorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponentialsmoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithmseliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contactfor purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.

The user interface figures (e.g., FIGS. 7A-7BBB) described belowoptionally include various intensity diagrams that show the currentintensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to oneor more intensity thresholds (e.g., a first intensity threshold I_(L), asecond intensity threshold I_(M), a third intensity threshold I_(H),and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagramis typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is providedto aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, thefirst intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which thedevice will perform operations typically associated with clicking abutton of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, thesecond and third intensity thresholds correspond to intensities at whichthe device will perform operations that are different from operationstypically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or atrackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with acharacteristic intensity below the first intensity threshold (e.g., andabove a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which thecontact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector inaccordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surfacewithout performing an operation associated with the light pressintensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally,unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistentbetween different sets of user interface figures.

In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputs detected bythe device depends on criteria based on the contact intensity during theinput. For example, for some inputs, the intensity of a contactexceeding a first intensity threshold during the input triggers a firstresponse. In some embodiments, the response of the device to inputsdetected by the device depends on criteria that include both the contactintensity during the input and time-based criteria. For example, forsome inputs, the intensity of a contact exceeding a second intensitythreshold during the input, greater than the first intensity threshold(e.g., for a light press), triggers a second response only if a delaytime has elapsed between meeting the first intensity threshold andmeeting the second intensity threshold. This delay time is typicallyless than 200 ms in duration (e.g., 40, 100, or 120 ms, depending on themagnitude of the second intensity threshold, with the delay timeincreasing as the second intensity threshold increases). This delay timehelps to avoid accidental triggering of the second response. As anotherexample, for some inputs, there is a reduced-sensitivity time periodthat occurs after the time at which the first intensity threshold ismet. During the reduced-sensitivity time period, the second intensitythreshold is increased. This temporary increase in the second intensitythreshold also helps to avoid accidental triggering of the secondresponse. For other inputs, the second response does not depend ontime-based criteria.

In some embodiments, one or more of the input intensity thresholdsand/or the corresponding outputs vary based on one or more factors, suchas user settings, contact motion, input timing, application running,rate at which the intensity is applied, number of concurrent inputs,user history, environmental factors (e.g., ambient noise), focusselector position, and the like. Exemplary factors are described in U.S.patent application Ser. Nos. 14/399,606 and 14/624,296, which areincorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensitybelow the intensity threshold I_(L) to an intensity between theintensity threshold I_(L) and the intensity threshold I_(M) is sometimesreferred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristicintensity of the contact from an intensity below the intensity thresholdI_(M) to an intensity above the intensity threshold I_(M) is sometimesreferred to as a “deep press” input. In some embodiments, an increase ofcharacteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below theintensity threshold I_(H) to an intensity above the intensity thresholdI_(H) is also called a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristicintensity of the contact from an intensity below a contact-detectionintensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detectionintensity threshold and the intensity threshold I_(L) is sometimesreferred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease ofcharacteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above thecontact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below thecontact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to asdetecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In someembodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In someembodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater thanzero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to representintensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In someillustrations, a circle or oval without shading is used represent arespective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying theintensity of the respective contact.

In some embodiments, described herein, one or more operations areperformed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respectivepress input or in response to detecting the respective press inputperformed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), wherethe respective press input is detected based at least in part ondetecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality ofcontacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments,the respective operation is performed in response to detecting theincrease in intensity of the respective contact above the press-inputintensity threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on a“down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, thepress input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contactabove the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease inintensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, andthe respective operation is performed in response to detecting thesubsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below thepress-input threshold (e.g., the respective operation is performed on an“up stroke” of the respective press input).

In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoidaccidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines orselects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationshipto the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensitythreshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensitythreshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or somereasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, insome embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity ofthe respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresisintensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensitythreshold, and the respective operation is performed in response todetecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contactbelow the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the respective operationis performed on an “up stroke” of the respective press input).Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only whenthe device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from anintensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensityat or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, asubsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at orbelow the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation isperformed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increasein intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact,depending on the circumstances).

For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed inresponse to a press input associated with a press-input intensitythreshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are,optionally, triggered in response to detecting: an increase in intensityof a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase inintensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensitythreshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, adecrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensitythreshold, or a decrease in intensity of the contact below thehysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-inputintensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation isdescribed as being performed in response to detecting a decrease inintensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, theoperation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decreasein intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity thresholdcorresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.As described above, in some embodiments, the triggering of theseresponses also depends on time-based criteria being met (e.g., a delaytime has elapsed between a low intensity threshold being met and a highintensity threshold being met).

User Interfaces and Associated Processes

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”)and associated processes that may be implemented on an electronicdevice, such as portable multifunction device 100 or device 300, with adisplay, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface.

FIGS. 7A-7BBB illustrate exemplary user interfaces for processing touchinputs with instructions in a web page in accordance with someembodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustratethe processes described below, including the processes in FIGS. 8A-8Cand FIG. 9. Although some of the examples which follow will be givenwith reference to inputs on a touch-sensitive surface 651 that isseparate from display 650, in some embodiments, the device detectsinputs on a touch-screen display (where the touch-sensitive surface andthe display are combined), as shown in FIG. 6A.

FIG. 7A illustrates that user interface 706 on display 650 includes auser interface of a mail application (e.g., e-mail client module 140,FIG. 1A).

FIG. 7A also illustrates state machines 704 for gesture recognizers.State machines 704 for gesture recognizers as well as event handlingoperations (including handling of gesture events) are described indetail in Appendix A, which is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety. In this example, state machines 704 for four gesturerecognizers are shown, each represented in FIG. 7A by a single letter: areveal gesture recognizer (R), a preview gesture recognizer (P), a tapgesture recognizer (T) and a commit gesture recognizer (C). As shown inFIG. 7A, distinct intensity thresholds, are associated with three ofthese gesture recognizers: a first intensity threshold I_(L) isassociated with the reveal gesture recognizer, a second intensitythreshold I_(M) is associated with the preview gesture recognizer, and athird intensity threshold I_(H) is associated with the commit gesturerecognizer. In this example, the third intensity threshold I_(H) isgreater than (i.e., higher than) the second intensity threshold I_(M),and the second intensity threshold I_(M) is greater than (i.e., higherthan) the first intensity threshold I_(L).

FIG. 7A shows the position of a focus selector 705 positioned over auser interface object 708 or feature in user interface 706. The positionof the focus selector 705 corresponds to the position of a correspondinguser input on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch sensitive surface651 or a touch-sensitive surface of a touch-screen display 650, FIG.6B).

As shown in user input intensity graph 702, the intensity (also calledcontract intensity) of the user input is initially below the firstintensity threshold I_(L).

FIG. 7B shows a new user interface 710 that results when the user inputcorresponding to focus selector 705 is a tap gesture. Intensity profiles7102, 7104, 7106 and 7108 all correspond to tap gestures than end priorto completion of a first predefined time period, represented by the timeperiod ending at time 7002. All four of these intensity profilescorrespond to tap gestures, even when the peak intensity of the gestureis greater than one or more of the three intensity thresholds, becausethe user input does not remain on the touch sensitive surface for afirst predefined time period.

In some embodiments, intensity profile 7110 also corresponds to a tapgesture, even though the user input remains on the touch sensitivesurface for the first predefined time period, because the user inputnever exceeds the first intensity threshold I_(L). However, in someother embodiments, a user input having intensity profile 7110 isconstrued as a non-event that does not cause performance of anyoperation.

FIG. 7B also shows that the state machine for the tap gesture recognizer(T) transitions from the Possible state, as shown in FIG. 7A, to theRecognized state. Furthermore, FIG. 7B shows that the state machines forthe reveal gesture recognizer (R), preview gesture recognizer (P), andcommit gesture recognizer (C) have all transitioned from the Possiblestate to the Failed state. This is because, for every one of intensityprofiles 7102, 7104, 7106, 7108 and 7110, the input has failed tosatisfy either an intensity input criteria or a duration criteriarequired for gesture recognition by those gesture recognizers.Alternatively, or in addition, each of the gesture recognizers thattransition to the Failed state do so because recognition of a tapgesture by the tap gesture recognizer (T) causes all the other gesturerecognizers to transition to the Failed state.

FIG. 7C shows a transition of user interface 706 from the state of thatuser interface in FIG. 7A. In particular, in accordance with adetermination that the intensity of the user input satisfies intensityinput criteria for the reveal gesture recognizer (R), the reveal gesturerecognizer transitions to the Began state. In some embodiments, theintensity of the user input satisfies intensity input criteria for thereveal gesture recognizer (R) when the intensity of the user inputreaches the first intensity threshold I_(L). In some other embodiments,the intensity of the user input satisfies intensity input criteria forthe reveal gesture recognizer (R) when the intensity of the user inputexceeds the first intensity threshold I_(L).

Optionally, when the reveal gesture recognizer transitions to the Beganstate, focus selector 705 is displayed, or provided for display, with adifferent appearance than when the reveal gesture recognizer is in thePossible state.

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that theintensity of the user input satisfies intensity input criteria for thereveal gesture recognizer (R), an internal event 7004 is generated,indicating that the intensity of the user input satisfies intensityinput criteria for the reveal gesture recognizer (R). That event isprovided to the reveal gesture recognizer (R), which transitions to theBegan state in response to the event. Event 7004 optionally includes aprogress indicator, graphically represented in FIG. 7C by progressindicator 750, which indicates an amount of progress of the intensity ofthe user input between first intensity threshold I_(L) and a secondintensity threshold I_(M). In some embodiments, the progress indicator750 is a normalized value, for example having a value between 0 and 1,and initially have a value of 0, or a value close to zero, when theintensity of the user input equals or has reached the first intensitythreshold I_(L).

In FIG. 7D, the intensity of the user input has changed from anintensity equal or approximately equal to the first intensity thresholdI_(L), as shown in FIG. 7C, to an intensity above the first intensitythreshold I_(L) and below the second intensity threshold I_(M). Inresponse to this increase in intensity of the user input, the value ofprogress indicator 750 increases to a value indicating where in therange between the first intensity threshold I_(L) and the secondintensity threshold I_(M) the current user input intensity falls.Furthermore, the state of the reveal gesture recognizer (R) transitionsto the Changed state, and user interface 706 is blurred, or transitionsto a blur state, excluding the user interface object 708, correspondingto the position of the user input, which is not blurred. In this way,the user is notified that an action or operation with respect to userinterface object 708 will occur if the user continues to increase theintensity of the user input.

In FIG. 7E, the intensity of the user input has further increased fromthe intensity of the user input in FIG. 7D. The reveal gesturerecognizer (R) remains in the Changed state. Further, a small version ofa preview area 712, sometimes called the preview platter, is displayedin or over user interface 706, which remains blurred except for object708. In some embodiments, the size of the preview area 712 correspondsto a value of progress indicator 750. In some embodiments, preview area712 is initially displayed only when the progress indicator 750 reachesa predefined value, such as 0.4 or 0.5.

In FIG. 7F, the intensity of the user input has further increased fromthe intensity of the user input in FIG. 7E. The reveal gesturerecognizer (R) remains in the Changed state, and user interface 706remains blurred except for object 708. Further, the size of preview area712, as displayed in or over user interface 706, has increased inaccordance with the increased intensity of the user input, or inaccordance with the increased value of progress indicator 750. In FIG.7F, the preview area 712 has increase in size sufficiently to enable auser to read the contents of the preview area 712. In this example,preview area 712 includes a preview of information corresponding to theuser interface object 708 over which the focus selector 705 ispositioned. In this example, the previewed information is a list ofconnections associated with the person corresponding to the userinterface object 708 over which the focus selector 705 is positioned.

In FIG. 7G, the intensity of the user input has further increased fromthe intensity of the user input in FIG. 7E to an intensity equal orapproximately equal to the second intensity threshold I_(M). Progressindicator 750 now has its maximum value, for example 1, indicating thatthe intensity of the user input has reached to maximum value of therange corresponding to that progress indicator. Optionally, a secondprogress indicator 752 is generated, indicating a status of the userinput with respect to the intensity range between the second intensitythreshold I_(M) and the third intensity threshold I_(H). In FIG. 7G,second progress indicator 752 has its minimum value, indicating that theintensity of the user input is at the low end of the intensity rangebetween the second intensity threshold I_(M) and the third intensitythreshold I_(H).

In accordance with the intensity of the user input reaching the secondintensity threshold I_(M), the reveal gesture recognizer (R) remains inthe Changed state, or alternatively transitions to the Canceled state,the tap gesture recognizer transitions to the Failed state, the previewgesture recognizer transitions to the Began state, and preview area 712is displayed at either its maximum size (sometimes herein called fullsize), or at a size close to its maximum size. Preview area 712continues to include a preview of information corresponding to the userinterface object 708 over which the focus selector 705 is positioned.

In FIG. 7H, the intensity of the user input has further increased fromthe intensity of the user input in FIG. 7G to an intensity above thesecond intensity threshold I_(M) and below the third intensity thresholdI_(H). Progress indicator 750 remains its maximum value, for example 1,since the intensity of the user input is above the maximum value of therange corresponding to that progress indicator. Second progressindicator 752 now has an intermediate value, between the minimum andmaximum values for that progress indicator 752, indicating the currentstatus of the user input with respect to the intensity range between thesecond intensity threshold I_(M) and the third intensity thresholdI_(H).

In accordance with the intensity of the user input exceeding the secondintensity threshold I_(M), the reveal gesture recognizer (R) remains inthe Changed state, or alternatively transitions to the Canceled state,the tap gesture recognizer remains in the Failed state, the previewgesture recognizer transitions to the Changed state, and preview area712 is displayed at its maximum size (sometimes herein called fullsize). Preview area 712 continues to include a preview of informationcorresponding to the user interface object 708 over which the focusselector 705 is positioned.

In FIG. 7I, the intensity of the user input has further increased fromthe intensity of the user input in FIG. 7H to an intensity at or abovethe third intensity threshold I_(H). Progress indicator 750 remains itsmaximum value, for example 1, since the intensity of the user input isabove the maximum value of the range corresponding to that progressindicator. Second progress indicator 752 now has its maximum value,indicating the current status of the user input with respect to theintensity range between the second intensity threshold I_(M) and thethird intensity threshold I_(H). Optionally, upon reaching the thirdintensity threshold I_(H), an event 7008 is generated indicating theintensity of the user input and optionally including one or bothprogress indicators 750, 752.

In accordance with the intensity of the user input reaching the thirdintensity threshold I_(H), the reveal gesture recognizer (R) transitionsto the Canceled state, the tap gesture recognizer remains in the Failedstate, the preview gesture recognizer transitions to the Canceled state,and the commit gesture recognizer transitions to the Recognized state.Furthermore, in accordance with the intensity of the user input reachingthe third intensity threshold I_(H), preview area 712 is no longerdisplayed, and instead a new user interface 710 corresponding toselection of user interface object 708 is displayed. In the exampleshown in FIG. 7I, selection of user interface object 708 has causedconnection information for person or entity corresponding to userinterface object 708 be displayed, or provided for display.

In FIG. 7J, the intensity of the user input has decreased from theintensity of the user input in FIG. 7H to an intensity below the secondintensity threshold I_(M). In this example, the intensity of the userinput has not reached the third intensity threshold I_(H) and thereforethe commit gesture recognizer remains in the Possible state.Furthermore, progress indicator 750 transitions to a value below itsmaximum value, since the intensity of the user input is now below themaximum value of the range corresponding to that progress indicator.Second progress indicator 752 now has its minimum value, indicating thecurrent status of the user input with respect to the intensity rangebetween the second intensity threshold I_(M) and the third intensitythreshold I_(H). In other words, since the intensity of the user inputis below the second intensity threshold I_(M), second progress indicator752 has its minimum value. Optionally, the change in intensity of theuser input causes an event (not shown) to be generated, where the eventincludes information indicating the intensity of the user input andoptionally including one or both progress indicators 750, 752.

In accordance with the intensity of the user input decreasing to anintensity below the second intensity threshold I_(M), without firstreaching the third intensity threshold I_(H), the reveal gesturerecognizer (R) remains in the Changed state, the tap gesture recognizerremains in the Failed state, the preview gesture recognizer remains inthe Changed state, and the commit gesture recognizer remains in thePossible state. Furthermore, in accordance with the decreased intensityof the user input, the size of preview area 712 decreases from the sizeat which it was displayed when the intensity of the user input washigher (see FIG. 7H).

In FIG. 7K, the user input ceases, as indicated by a zero intensity ofthe user input, after previously reaching or exceeding the firstintensity threshold I_(L) (corresponding to intensity profile 7112) orthe second intensity threshold I_(M) (corresponding to intensity profile7114), without exceeding the third intensity threshold I_(H).Furthermore, the duration of the gesture exceeds the first predefinedperiod corresponding to time 7002, indicating that the gesture does notmeet tap criteria, which includes that the input ceases to remain on thetouch-sensitive surface during the first predefined time period. As aresult, the tap gesture recognizer transitions to the Failed state, andthe commit gesture recognizer also transitions to the Failed State.

In accordance with intensity profile 7114 in FIG. 7K, the previewgesture recognizer transitions to the Recognized state during thegesture in response to the intensity of the input satisfying intensityinput criteria, including that the input satisfies the second intensitythreshold I_(M), and the input remaining on the touch-sensitive surfacefor the first predefined time period, and subsequently transitions tothe Failed state in response to the input ceasing to remain on thetouch-sensitive surface.

In accordance with intensity profile 7112 in FIG. 7K, the previewgesture recognizer transitions from the Possible state to the Failedstate, without first transitioning to the Recognized state, since theintensity input criteria for preview gesture recognizer are notsatisfied, even temporarily, by an input with intensity profile 7112.

Optionally, the reveal gesture recognizer transitions to the Recognizedstate in response to an input with either intensity profile 7112 orintensity profile 7114, since the intensity of the input exceeds thefirst intensity threshold I_(L) and the input remains on thetouch-sensitive surface for the first predefined time period. In someembodiments, not shown in FIG. 7K, the reveal gesture recognizertransitions to the Canceled state in response to the input ceasing toremain on the touch-sensitive surface.

In FIG. 7L, the set of active gesture recognizers includes a revealgesture recognizer (R), a preview gesture recognizer (P), a pan orscroll gesture recognizer (S) and a commit gesture recognizer (C). Asshown in FIG. 7L, distinct intensity thresholds, are associated withthree of these gesture recognizers: a first intensity threshold I_(L) isassociated with the reveal gesture recognizer, a second intensitythreshold I_(M) is associated with the preview gesture recognizer, and athird intensity threshold I_(H) is associated with the commit gesturerecognizer.

FIG. 7L shows the position of a focus selector 707 positioned over auser interface object 708 or feature in user interface 706. The positionof the focus selector 705 corresponds to the position of a correspondinguser input on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface651 or a touch-sensitive surface of a touch-screen display 650, FIG.6B). FIG. 7L also shows an input movement limit zone or input movementlimit perimeter 714, shown as a dashed line circle or other shapesurrounding the focus selector 707. Typically, input movement limitperimeter 714 is not actually displayed, and instead input movementlimit perimeter 714 represents an input movement limit utilized by oneor more of the gesture recognizers. As shown in FIG. 7L, the intensityof the user input does not satisfy any of the three intensity thresholdsI_(L), I_(M) and I_(H).

When the input corresponding to focus selector 707 moves from theposition shown in FIG. 7L to the position shown in FIG. 7M, the inputhas moved across the touch-sensitive surface by at least a predefineddistance, as reflected by focus selector 707 having moved at leastpartially past input movement limit perimeter 714. As a result, thegraphical user interface 706 pans or scrolls by an amount correspondingto the distance moved by the input on the touch-sensitive surface. Moregenerally, in response to the input moving across the touch-sensitivesurface by at least the predefined distance, a second operation isperformed. In some embodiments, the second operation includes scrollingat least a portion of the user interface.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7M, in response to the input moving across thetouch-sensitive surface by at least the predefined distance, the revealgesture recognizer (R), preview gesture recognizer (P), and commitgesture recognizer (C) all transition to the Failed state, and the pangesture recognizer (S) transitions to the Began state.

In FIG. 7N, the input continues to move across the touch-sensitivesurface, as represented by further movement of focus selector 707, whichis not completely outside input movement limit perimeter 714. Inresponse to this movement of the input, the pan gesture recognizer (S)transitions to the Changed state and user interface 706 is furtherscrolled upwards compared with its position in FIG. 7M.

It is noted that intensity of the input in FIGS. 7L, 7M and 7N remainsbelow the first intensity threshold I_(L). Consequences of the intensityof the input satisfying the first intensity threshold I_(L) areaddressed below in the discussion of FIGS. 7O-7S and other subsequentfigures.

In FIG. 7O, after the input, as represented by focus selector 707, hasalready moved beyond the input movement limit perimeter 714 with anintensity that does not satisfy the first intensity threshold I_(L), theintensity of the input increases so as to satisfy the first intensitythreshold I_(L), as shown in user input intensity graph 70. Satisfactionof the first intensity threshold I_(L) is indicated by a changedappearance of focus selector 707. However, despite the user input nowsatisfying the first intensity threshold I_(L), the reveal gesturerecognizer (R), preview gesture recognizer (P), and commit gesturerecognizer (C) all remain in the Failed state, and the pan gesturerecognizer (S) remains in the Changed state. It is noted that,typically, once a gesture recognizer transitions to the Failed state, itcannot transition to any other state, such as the Recognized state orBegan State, until the user input ceases (i.e., until the user liftstheir finger or stylus or other instrument off the touch-sensitivesurface).

In some circumstances, user interface 706 transitions from the stateshown in FIG. 7L to the state shown in FIG. 7P, in response to theintensity of the input satisfying the first intensity threshold I_(L)prior to the user input moving across the touch-sensitive surface by atleast the predefined distance. For example, in FIG. 7P, the input hasnot moved or has remained at substantially the same location, since theinitial contact with the touch-sensitive surface represented by FIG. 7L.In response to the input satisfying intensity input criteria includingthat the input satisfies the first intensity threshold, a firstoperation is performed. In this example, the first operation includesblurring user interface 706, or transitioning user interface 706 to ablur state, excluding the user interface object 708 corresponding to theposition of the user input, which is not blurred.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, in response to the input satisfyingintensity input criteria including that the input satisfies the firstintensity threshold, the preview gesture recognizer (P) transitions fromthe Possible state to the Began state, and performance of the firstoperation, discussed above, occurs in response to the preview gesturerecognizer (P) transitioning to the Began state.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7P, in response to the input remaining atsubstantially its initial location (i.e., not moving across thetouch-sensitive surface by at least the predefined distance) and theinput satisfying intensity input criteria including that the inputsatisfies the first intensity threshold, the preview gesture recognizer(P), commit gesture recognizer (C), and the pan gesture recognizer (S)all remain in the Possible state.

The input on the touch-sensitive surface represented by focus selector707 in FIG. 7P is sometimes called a first portion of the input, and thesubsequent portion of the same input shown in FIG. 7Q is sometimescalled a second portion of the input. In some circumstances, discussedin more detail with respect to FIGS. 7P and 7Q and with respect to theflowchart illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8E, the first portion of the input isprocessed with a first gesture recognizer, for example, the revealgesture recognizer, and the second portion of the input is processedwith a second gesture recognizer, for example, the pan gesturerecognizer.

In FIG. 7Q, after the preview gesture recognizer (P) transitions fromthe Possible state to the Began state (as discussed above with referenceto FIG. 7P), the input moves by an amount sufficient to satisfy pancriteria, including that the input has moved across the touch-sensitivesurface by at least the predefined distance. In response to the inputmoving by an amount sufficient to satisfy pan criteria, user interface706 is scrolled by an amount corresponding to the amount of movement ofthe input across the touch-sensitive surface, the reveal gesturerecognizer (R) transitions to the Canceled state, the preview gesturerecognizer (P) and commit gesture recognizer (C) transition to theFailed state, and the pan gesture recognizer (S) transitions to theChanged state. In some embodiments, the transition of the pan gesturerecognizer (S) to the Changed state is what causes, or enables, thescrolling of user interface 706, or at least a portion of user interface706.

FIG. 7R corresponds to the FIG. 7H, but with a pan gesture recognizer(S) in place of a tap gesture recognizer (T). In FIG. 7R, the pangesture recognizer (S) is in the Failed state due to a lack of movementof the input since its initial contact with the touch-sensitive surfaceand the transitioning of preview gesture recognizer (P) to the Beganstate (see FIG. 7G) or Changed state (see FIGS. 7H and 7R). An arrowabove focus selector 707 indicates that the input has begun to move, inthis example in the upward direction indicated by the arrow.

Further, it is noted that in FIG. 7R, the input satisfies intensityinput criteria including that the input satisfies the second intensitythreshold I_(M), and as a result the preview gesture recognizer (P) hastransitioned to the Began state (see FIG. 7G) or Changed state (seeFIGS. 7H and 7R).

FIG. 7S, which shows movement of the input and its corresponding focusselector 707 from the position shown in FIG. 7R to the position shown inFIG. 7S. Despite this movement of the input, which can be assumed forpurposes of this discussion to be movement across the touch-sensitivesurface by more than the predefined distance, the reveal gesturerecognizer (R) and the preview gesture recognizer (P) remain in theChanged state, the commit gesture recognizer (C) remains in the Possiblestate and the pan gesture recognizer (S) remains in the Failed state. Insome embodiments, the reason that the pan gesture recognizer (S) remainsin the Failed state is that once a gesture recognizer transitions to theFailed state, it cannot transition to any other state, such as theRecognized state or Began State, until the user input ceases (i.e.,until the user lifts their finger or stylus or other instrument off thetouch-sensitive surface).

In some embodiments, in conjunction with displaying preview area 712(e.g., in response to displaying preview area 712), a (new) second pangesture recognizer is initiated for preview area 712. Thus, in suchembodiments, although the pan gesture recognizer (S) is in the Failedstate, preview area 712 responds to a pan gesture (e.g., preview area712 is moved across display 650 in accordance with the pan gesture,using the second pan gesture recognizer, independent of mail applicationuser interface 706 such that mail application user interface 706 remainsstationary while preview area 712 is moved across display 650, which isdifferent from the scroll operation associated with the pan gesturerecognizer (S) as shown in FIGS. 7O-7P).

FIG. 7T is similar to FIG. 7A, except that the tap gesture recognizer(T) has been replaced by a long press gesture recognizer (L), and focusselector 709 has replaced focus selector 705. The intensity of the inputcorresponding to focus selector 709 does not satisfy (e.g., is below)the first intensity threshold I_(L), and the amount of time that haselapsed since the initial contact of the input with the touch-sensitivesurface is less than a first predefined time period corresponding totime 7116.

FIG. 7U shows that the input has remained in contact with thetouch-sensitive surface for the first predefined time period,corresponding to time 7116, and has remained at an intensity that doesnot satisfy (e.g., is below) the first intensity threshold I_(L). Insome embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7U, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies long press criteria includingthat the input remains below the first intensity threshold during thefirst predefined time period, the long press gesture recognizertransitions to the Began state, and the reveal gesture recognizer (R),the preview gesture recognizer (P) and the commit gesture recognizer (C)transition to the Failed state.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7U, in accordancewith the determination that the input satisfies long press criteriaincluding that the input remains below the first intensity thresholdduring the first predefined time period, a second operation isperformed. In the example shown in FIG. 7U, the second operationincludes displaying a menu 716 of items related to the object 708corresponding to a current position of the focus selector 709.

FIG. 7V shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown in FIG.7T, in response to an input that satisfies intensity input criteria,including that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold (e.g.,I_(L)) during a first predefined time period (e.g., the time periodending at time 7116). As shown in FIG. 7V, intensity of the input hasincreased above the first intensity threshold I_(L). In response, thereveal gesture recognizer (R) transitions from the Possible state, asshown in FIG. 7T, to the Began state, as shown in FIG. 7V. In someembodiments, in response to the input satisfying intensity inputcriteria including that the input satisfies the first intensitythreshold, a first operation is performed. In this example, the firstoperation includes blurring user interface 706, or transitioning userinterface 706 to a blur state, excluding the user interface object 708corresponding to the position of the user input, which is not blurred.

FIG. 7W shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown in FIG.7V, in response to an input that satisfies intensity input criteria,including that the input remains below a second intensity threshold(e.g., I_(M)) during a first predefined time period (e.g., the timeperiod ending at time 7116). In some embodiments, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies long press criteria includingthat the input remains below the second intensity threshold during thefirst predefined time period, a second operation is performed. In theexample shown in FIG. 7W, the second operation includes displaying amenu 716 of items related to the object 708 corresponding to a currentposition of the focus selector 709.

FIG. 7X shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown in FIG.7V, in response to an input that satisfies intensity input criteria,including that the input satisfies a second intensity threshold (e.g.,I_(M)) during a first predefined time period (e.g., the time periodending at time 7116). In some embodiments, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies intensity input criteriaincluding that the input satisfies the second intensity threshold duringthe first predefined time period, a third operation is performed. In theexample shown in FIG. 7X, the third operation is displaying a preview712 of information corresponding to the user interface object 708 overwhich the focus selector 709 is positioned. Furthermore, in someembodiments, in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesintensity input criteria including that the input satisfies the secondintensity threshold during the first predefined time period, the previewgesture recognizer (P) transitions to the Began state and the long pressgesture recognizer (L) transitions to the Failed state. In someembodiments, the transition of the preview gesture recognizer (P)transitions to the Began state causes the long press gesture recognizer(L) to transition to the Failed state.

FIG. 7Y shows user interface 706 after the long press gesture recognizerhas already transitioned to the Failed state, and the input hascontinued to satisfy a first (or second) intensity threshold during thefirst predefined time period (e.g., the time period ending at time7116).

Despite the continuation of the input through the first predefined timeperiod, the long press gesture recognizer (L) remains in the failedstate. Further, in this example, the reveal gesture recognizer (R)remains in the Changed state, the preview gesture recognizer (P)transitions to the Changed state, and the commit gesture recognizer (C)remains in the Possible state. In some embodiments, the reason that thelong press gesture recognizer (L) remains in the Failed state is thatonce a gesture recognizer transitions to the Failed state, it cannottransition to any other state, such as the Recognized state or BeganState, until the user input ceases (i.e., until the user lifts theirfinger or stylus or other instrument off the touch-sensitive surface).

FIG. 7Z shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown in FIG.7T, in response to an input that fails to satisfy a first intensitythreshold during a first predefined time period (e.g., the time periodending at time 7116), and ceases to remain on the touch-sensitivesurface during the first predefined time period. In response to theinput that fails to satisfy a first intensity threshold during a firstpredefined time period, and ceases to remain on the touch-sensitivesurface during the first predefined time period, the reveal gesturerecognizer (R), the preview gesture recognizer (P), the commit gesturerecognizer (C), and the long press gesture recognizer (L) all transitionto the Failed state.

FIG. 7AA shows a view of user interface 706 similar to the view shown inFIG. 7L, except that the pan gesture recognizer (S) has been replaced bythe long press gesture recognizer (L), and focus selector 707 has beenreplaced by focus selector 709. FIG. 7AA, like FIG. 7L, shows an inputmovement limit zone or input movement limit perimeter 714, shown as adashed line circle or other shape surrounding focus selector 709.Typically, input movement limit perimeter 714 is not actually displayed,and instead input movement limit perimeter 714 represents an inputmovement limit utilized by one or more of the gesture recognizers.

FIG. 7BB shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown inFIG. 7AA. When the input corresponding to focus selector 709 moves fromthe position shown in FIG. 7AA to the position shown in FIG. 7BB, theinput has moved across the touch-sensitive surface by at least apredefined distance, as reflected by focus selector 709 having moved atleast partially past input movement limit perimeter 714. As a result,the graphical user interface 706 pans or scrolls by an amountcorresponding to the distance moved by the input on the touch-sensitivesurface. More generally, in response to the input moving across thetouch-sensitive surface by at least the predefined distance, a secondoperation is performed. In some embodiments, the second operationincludes scrolling at least a portion of the user interface.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7AA, in response to the input moving acrossthe touch-sensitive surface by at least the predefined distance, thereveal gesture recognizer (R), the preview gesture recognizer (P), thecommit gesture recognizer (C) and the long press gesture recognizer (L)all transition to the Failed state.

FIG. 7CC shows a change in user interface 706 from the view shown inFIG. 7BB. In FIG. 7CC, after the preview gesture recognizer (P), thecommit gesture recognizer (C) and the long press gesture recognizer (L)have all transitioned to the Failed state, the intensity of the inputeither increases so as to satisfy the first predefined threshold I_(L)or even the first predefined threshold I_(M), as indicated by intensityprofile 7118, or the input remains in contact with the touch sensitivescreen, but below the first intensity threshold, during the firstpredefined time period (e.g., the time period ending at time 7116), asindicated by intensity profile 7120. In either circumstance, the revealgesture recognizer (R), the preview gesture recognizer (P), the commitgesture recognizer (C) and the long press gesture recognizer (L) allremain in the Failed state. In some embodiments, the reason that revealgesture recognizer (R), the preview gesture recognizer (P), the commitgesture recognizer (C) and the long press gesture recognizer (L) allremain in the Failed state is that once a gesture recognizer transitionsto the Failed state, it cannot transition to any other state, such asthe Recognized state or Began State, until the user input ceases (i.e.,until the user lifts their finger or stylus or other instrument off thetouch-sensitive surface).

FIG. 7DD shows a view of user interface 706 similar to the view shown inFIG. 7T, except that the pan gesture recognizer (S) has been replaced bythe tap gesture recognizer (T), and focus selector 711 is located onemail address 718. When the long press gesture recognizer (L) is usedwithout a pan gesture recognizer (S) (e.g., the long press gesturerecognizer (L) is the only gesture recognizer associated with the emailaddress, or the long press gesture recognizer (L) and one or more othergesture recognizers, other than the pan gesture recognizer (S), areassociated with the email address), a time period ending at time 7122 isused instead of a time period ending at time 7116, in determiningwhether the long press gesture recognizer (L) should transition toanother state, such as the Began state.

In FIG. 7EE, in accordance with the determination that the input remainson the touch-sensitive surface during the time period ending at time7122, a predefined operation of displaying menu 716 of items related toobject 718 is performed regardless of whether the input remains on thetouch-sensitive surface for the entire duration of the time periodending at time 7116.

FIG. 7FF shows that intensity 7204 of the input corresponding to focusselector 713 is detected and sent to application-independent module 220.In response to receiving intensity 7204, application-independent module7220 sends one or more event objects 194 to application-specific module230.

Event object 194 includes characteristic intensity 7206 that is based ondetected intensity 7204. In some embodiments, event object 1904 alsoincludes reference intensity 7208. For example, in some embodiments,characteristic intensity 7206 is a normalized intensity value thatcorresponds to detected intensity 7204 divided by reference intensity7208. In some embodiments, reference intensity 7208 corresponds to amaximum intensity that can be detected by the one or more intensitysensors. In some embodiments, reference intensity 7208 is a predefinedintensity level for normalizing detected intensity 7204. Characteristicintensity 7206 typically has a range between 0 and 1. Becauseapplication-specific module 230 receives characteristic intensity 7206instead of detected intensity 7204, application-specific module 230 isconfigured to receive and respond to intensity information that isindependent from variations among intensity sensors. Thus,application-specific module 230 does not need to include instructionsfor handling variations among intensity sensors, and therefore, the sizeof the application-specific module 230 is reduced, and the performanceof the application-specific module 230 is improved.

In some embodiments, when sensitivity 7210 is set, characteristicintensity 7206 is multiplied by sensitivity value 7210. In someembodiments, sensitivity 7210 has a default value of 1. However, forexample, when sensitivity 7210 has a value of 2, characteristicintensity 7206 is doubled.

In FIG. 7GG, an exemplary settings user interface is shown on display650. The settings user interface shown in FIG. 7GG includes area 720with multiple intensity settings (e.g., low, medium, and high intensitysettings). User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7GG shows thatcharacteristic intensity 7304, which follows detected intensity 7302, isused when the low sensitivity setting is selected. To facilitate thecomparison of intensity values, a reference intensity of 1 is used foruser input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7GG. When the medium setting isselected, characteristic intensity 7306, which has a higher intensityvalue than characteristic intensity 7304 (e.g., characteristic intensity7306 is two times characteristic intensity 7304), is used; and, when thehigh setting is selected, characteristic intensity 7308, which has ahigher intensity value than characteristic intensity 7306 (e.g.,characteristic intensity 7308 is three times characteristic intensity7304), is used.

FIG. 7HH is similar to FIG. 7GG, except that the settings user interfaceincludes area 722 with a plurality of intensity setting options (e.g.,more than three levels of intensity setting options). Although there aremore than three levels of intensity setting options, user inputintensity graph 702 in FIG. 7HH shows three levels of characteristicintensity lines (e.g., 7304, 7306, and 7308) so as not to obscure theunderstanding of user input intensity graph 702.

FIG. 7II shows that multiple focus selectors (e.g., 715 and 717) areconcurrently detected, and intensities of respective focus selectors areseparately determined. Application-independent module 220 receivesintensity 7204 of focus selector 715 and intensity 7212 of focusselector 717, and sends respective event objects 194 and 7194 toapplication-specific module 230. Event object 194 corresponds to focusselector 715 and includes characteristic intensity 7206 of focusselector 715 as well as reference intensity 7208. The same referenceintensity 7208 is used to normalize intensities of multiple touches.Thus, event object 7194, corresponding to focus selector 717, alsoincludes the same reference intensity 7208 as well as characteristicintensity 7214 of focus selector 717 in event object 194.

FIG. 7JJ shows a depinch gesture by focus selectors 715 and 717 on mailapplication user interface 706. In FIG. 7JJ, state machines 704 forgesture recognizers show that mail application user interface 706 isassociated with two pinch gesture recognizers: a first pinch gesturerecognizer (N₁) for which a first intensity threshold (e.g., I₁) isspecified (e.g., by e-mail client module 140 in FIG. 1A) and a secondpinch gesture recognizer (N₂) for which an intensity threshold is notspecified (e.g., by e-mail client module 140 in FIG. 1A).

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7KK shows that the pinch ordepinch gesture by focus selectors 715 and 717 satisfies the intensitythreshold I₁. In response, the first pinch gesture recognizer (N₁)transitions to the Recognized state and a corresponding operation (e.g.,displaying mail application user interface 724, showing an inbox view)is performed. In addition, the second pinch gesture recognizer (N₂)transitions to the Failed state (e.g., because the first pinch gesturerecognizer (N₁) has transitioned to the Recognized state).

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7LL shows a case in which thepinch or depinch gesture by focus selectors 715 and 717 does not satisfythe intensity threshold I₁. In response, the second pinch gesturerecognizer (N₂) transitions to the Recognized state and a correspondingoperation (e.g., displaying a zoomed-in view) is performed. In addition,the first pinch gesture recognizer (N₁) transitions to the Failed state(e.g., because the second pinch gesture recognizer (N₂) has transitionedto the Recognized state).

In FIG. 7MM, state machines 704 show that mail application userinterface 706 is associated with the two pinch gesture recognizers (N₁)and (N₂), and a two-finger pan gesture recognizer (2S) for which asecond intensity threshold (e.g., I₂) is specified (e.g., by e-mailclient module 140 in FIG. 1A). FIG. 7MM also shows a two-finger pangesture by focus selectors 719 and 721 on mail application userinterface 706.

User input intensity diagram 702 in FIG. 7NN shows that the two-fingerpan gesture satisfies the second intensity threshold. The two-finger pangesture recognizer (2S) transitions to the Began state, and acorresponding operation (e.g., overlaying review window 726 showing areview of the linked website on mail application user interface 706) isperformed. The first pinch gesture recognizer (N₁) and the second pinchgesture recognizer (N₂) transition to the Failed state (e.g., becausethe two-finger pan gesture recognizer (2S) has transitioned to theRecognized state).

FIG. 7OO shows browser application user interface 710 and a depinchgesture by focus selectors 723 and 725 on an address window of browserapplication user interface 710. State machines 704 for gesturerecognizers in FIG. 7OO show that the address window of browserapplication user interface 710 is associated with a third pinch gesturerecognizer (N₃) for which a third intensity threshold (e.g., I₃) isspecified (e.g., by browser module 147 in FIG. 1A). User input intensitygraph 702 in FIG. 7OO shows that the intensity of focus selectors 723and 725 satisfy the third intensity threshold I₃, and the third pinchgesture recognizer (N₃) has transitioned to the Began state. The firstpinch gesture recognizer (N₁) and the second pinch gesture recognizer(N₂) remain in the Possible state, because the third pinch gesturerecognizer (N3) is not associated with the view, which corresponds tothe first pinch gesture recognizer (N₁) and the second pinch gesturerecognizer (N₂).

FIG. 7PP shows that focus selectors 723 and 725 cease to be detected.However, because focus selectors 723 and 725 have satisfied the thirdintensity threshold I₃, the third pinch gesture recognizer (N₃) hastransitioned to the Recognized state, and a corresponding operation(e.g., displaying tabs management view 728) is performed.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7QQ shows a case in which theintensity of focus selectors 723 and 725 does not satisfy the thirdintensity threshold (e.g., I₃). Thus, the third pinch gesture recognizer(N₃) transitions to the Failed state, and no action associated with thethird pinch gesture recognizer is performed (e.g., tabs management view728 shown in FIG. 7PP is not displayed).

FIG. 7RR shows focus selector 727 over user interface object 708 of mailapplication user interface 706.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7RR shows first timing criteria(e.g., an input needs to remain on the touch-sensitive surface for aperiod ending at time 7124) and first intensity input criteria (e.g., aninput needs to satisfy an intensity threshold I_(L) at time 7124 orthereafter), both of which need to be satisfied for performing a firstpredefined operation (e.g., dimming or blurring at least a portion ofthe user interface to provide a hint of an impending display of apreview window, or alternatively, displaying a preview window).

In FIG. 7RR, an input that follows intensity pattern 7126 satisfies boththe first timing criteria (because the input remains on at least for atime period ending at time 7124) and the first intensity input criteria(because the input satisfies the intensity threshold I_(L) at time7124). Thus, the first predefined operation (e.g., dimming or blurringat least a portion of the user interface to provide a hint of animpending display of a preview window) is performed at time 7124.

An input that follows intensity pattern 7128 satisfies both the firsttiming criteria (because the input remains on at least for a time periodending at time 7124) and the first intensity input criteria (becauseintensity of the input increases and satisfies the intensity thresholdI_(L) after time 7124). Thus, the first predefined operation (e.g.,dimming or blurring at least a portion of the user interface to providea hint of an impending display of a preview window) is performed whenintensity of the input satisfies the intensity threshold I_(L).

An input that follows intensity pattern 7130 does not satisfy the firstintensity input criteria, because intensity of the input does notsatisfy the intensity threshold I_(L) at any time. Although the firsttiming criteria are satisfied (because the input remains on thetouch-sensitive surface at least for a period ending at time 7124), thefirst predefined operation (e.g., dimming or blurring at least a portionof the user interface to provide a hint of an impending display of apreview window) is not performed.

For an input that follows intensity pattern 7131 or intensity pattern7132, although its input satisfies the intensity threshold I_(L), theinput does not satisfy the first intensity input criteria, becauseintensity of the input does not satisfy the intensity threshold I_(L) ator subsequent to time 7124. The first timing criteria are not satisfied,because the input does not remain on the touch-sensitive surface atleast for a period ending at time 7124. Thus, the first predefinedoperation (e.g., dimming or blurring at least a portion of the userinterface to provide a hint of an impending display of a preview window)is not performed.

In some embodiments, because the input following intensity pattern 7132is released before time 7134, a different operation (e.g., a tap gestureoperation) is performed if the different operation is associated withuser interface object 708. However, the input following intensitypattern 7131 is released after time 7134, the tap gesture operation isnot performed in response to the input following intensity pattern 7131.In some embodiments, time 7134 corresponds to time 7002 shown in FIG.7B.

FIG. 7SS shows mail application user interface 706, which is at leastpartially dimmed or blurred. In some embodiments, the partial dimming orblurring provides a visual cue indicating that a further increase inintensity of the input will initiate display of a preview window.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7TT shows second timing criteria(e.g., an input needs to remain on the touch-sensitive surface for aperiod ending at time 7136) and second intensity input criteria (e.g.,an input needs to satisfy an intensity threshold I_(M) at time 7136 orthereafter), both of which need to be satisfied for performing a secondpredefined operation (e.g., displaying a preview window). In someembodiments, time 7136 is distinct from time 7124, as shown in FIG. 7TT.In some embodiments, time 7136 and time 7124 are identical.

An input that follows intensity pattern 7128 satisfies both the secondtiming criteria (because the input remains on the touch-sensitivesurface at least for a time period ending at time 7136) and the secondintensity input criteria (because intensity of the input increases andsatisfies the intensity threshold I_(M) after time 7136). Thus, thesecond predefined operation (e.g., displaying preview window 712) isperformed when intensity of the input satisfies the intensity thresholdI_(M).

An input that follows intensity pattern 7138 satisfies both the secondtiming criteria (because the input remains on the touch-sensitivesurface at least for a time period ending at time 7136) and the secondintensity input criteria (because the input satisfies the intensitythreshold I_(M) at time 7136). Thus, the second predefined operation(e.g., displaying a preview window 712) is performed at time 7136.

However, an input that follows intensity pattern 7140 does not satisfythe second intensity input criteria, because the input does not satisfythe intensity threshold I_(M) at any time. Although the input satisfiesthe second timing criteria (e.g., the input remains on thetouch-sensitive surface for a time period ending at time 7136), becausethe second intensity input criteria are not satisfied, the secondpredefined operation (e.g., displaying a preview window 712) is notperformed.

An input that follows intensity pattern 7142 does not satisfy the secondintensity input criteria. Although intensity of the input temporarilysatisfies the intensity threshold I_(M), the intensity of the inputdecreases below the intensity threshold I_(M) before time 7136. Becausethe input does not satisfy the intensity threshold I_(M) at time 7136 orthereafter, the second intensity input criteria are not satisfied.Although the input satisfies the second timing criteria (e.g., the inputremains on the touch-sensitive surface for a time period ending at time7136), because the second intensity input criteria are not satisfied,the second predefined operation (e.g., displaying a preview window 712)is not performed.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7UU shows that, in someembodiments, when intensity of the input decreases below a referenceintensity I_(R), the timing criteria are reset (e.g., instead ofstarting the time period from when the initial contact is detected, thetime period restarts from when the intensity of the input decreasesbelow the reference intensity). For example, in FIG. 7UU, the inputremains on the touch-sensitive surface for a time period ending at time7124 and the intensity of the input at time 7124 satisfies the intensitythreshold I_(L). However, the first predefined operation is notperformed at time 7124, because the first timing criteria are reset whenthe intensity of the input falls below the reference intensity I_(R) attime 7146. The first timing criteria are satisfied after the inputremains on the touch-sensitive surface for time period p₁ ending at time7148, and the first intensity input criteria are satisfied at time 7148,because the input satisfies the intensity threshold I_(L) at time 7148.Thus, the first predefined operation (e.g., dimming or blurring at leasta portion of the user interface to provide a hint of an impendingdisplay of a preview window) is performed at time 7148.

In some embodiments, the reference intensity I_(R) is determined byusing a representative intensity (e.g., a peak intensity) of the inputand an intensity margin I_(margin). For example, the reference intensitycorresponds to the intensity margin I_(margin) below the representativeintensity (e.g., the peak intensity) of the input.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7VV shows that when intensity ofthe input decreases below a first reference intensity I_(R1), whichcorresponds to the intensity margin I_(margin) below the representativeintensity (e.g., the peak intensity) of the input. In some embodiments,when the intensity of the input decreases below the first referenceintensity I_(R1), the first timing criteria are reset and a new (second)reference intensity I_(R2) is determined so that the second referenceintensity I_(R2) corresponds to the intensity margin I_(margin) belowthe first reference intensity I_(R1). When the intensity of the inputdecreases even below the second reference intensity I_(R2) at time 7150,the first timing criteria are again reset, and the first time period p1ends at time 7152. The first timing criteria are satisfied, because theinput remains on the touch-sensitive surface through the end of firsttime period p1 at time 7152, and the first intensity input criteria aresatisfied, because the input satisfies the intensity threshold I_(L) atthe end of the first time period p1 at time 7152. Thus, the firstpredefined operation (e.g., dimming or blurring at least a portion ofthe user interface to provide a hint of an impending display of apreview window) is performed at time 7152.

Although FIGS. 7UU and 7VV illustrate resetting the first timingcriteria, in some embodiments, the second timing criteria are reset inan analogous manner. For brevity, such details are omitted herein.

FIG. 7WW shows focus selector 729 over user interface object 708 of mailapplication user interface 706.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7WW shows first intensitythreshold component 7154 for a predefined operation (e.g., replacingdisplay of mail application user interface 706 with browser applicationuser interface 710). First intensity threshold component 7154 hasinitially high value I_(H) and decays over time, which reduces thechance of immediately performing the predefined operation with anunintentionally strong input during an initial time period. However,this does not prevent the predefined operation completely. If the inputhas a sufficient intensity, it can still satisfy first intensitythreshold component 7154 and initiate the predefined operation. Bydecaying (e.g., reducing) first intensity threshold component 7154 overtime, it becomes easier to perform the predefined operation after theinput remains on the touch-sensitive surface for a while.

In FIG. 7WW, an input following intensity pattern 7156 satisfies firstintensity threshold component 7154, and initiates performance of thepredefined operation (e.g., replacing display of mail application userinterface 706 with browser application user interface 710).

An input following intensity pattern 7158 (e.g., a short strong tapgesture) does not satisfy first intensity threshold component 7154,because the intensity of the input quickly drops and the input isreleased before first intensity threshold component 7154 begins todecay.

In some embodiments, first intensity threshold component 7154 begins todecay immediately from an initial detection of the input. In someembodiments, first intensity threshold component 7154 begins to decayafter a predefined time interval p3 from the initial detection of theinput, as shown in FIG. 7WW.

User input intensity graph 702 in FIG. 7XX shows that when the intensityof the input falls below the reference intensity I_(R) at time 7162,first intensity threshold component 7164 begins the decay at time 7162,even before the predefined time interval p3 has elapsed. Thus, in FIG.7XX, an input following intensity pattern 7160 satisfies first intensitythreshold component 7164, and the predefined operation (e.g., replacingdisplay of mail application user interface 706 with browser applicationuser interface 710) is performed.

FIG. 7YY illustrates activation intensity threshold 7170, which is a sumof first intensity threshold component 7154 (described above withrespect to FIG. 7WW) and second intensity threshold component 7168. Asshown in FIG. 7YY, second intensity threshold component 7168 followsintensity of input 7166 with a delay. Second intensity thresholdcomponent 7168 reduces unintentional triggering of the predefinedoperation due to minor fluctuations in the intensity of input 7166 overtime. For example, gradual changes in the intensity of input 7166 areless likely to trigger the predefined operation. In FIG. 7YY, input 7166satisfies activation intensity threshold 7170 at time 7167, and thepredefined operation (e.g., replacing display of mail application userinterface 706 with browser application user interface 710) is performedat time 7167.

FIG. 7ZZ illustrates activation intensity threshold 7174, which issimilar to activation intensity threshold 7170 (in FIG. 7YY) except thata first intensity threshold component of activation intensity threshold7174 begins to decay at time 7176, which corresponds to a predefinedtime interval p3 after time 7124 when the first and second predefinedoperations are performed. In FIG. 7ZZ, input 7172 satisfies activationintensity threshold 7174 at time 7173, and the predefined operation(e.g., replacing display of mail application user interface 706 withbrowser application user interface 710) is performed at time 7173.

FIG. 7AAA illustrates activation intensity threshold 7180, which decaysover time, while input 7178 satisfies the intensity threshold I_(M) (andthe second predefined operation is performed). The intensity of input7178 decreases below the intensity threshold I_(M) and I_(L), which insome embodiments does not undo the second predefined operation. Becauseactivation intensity threshold 7180 has decayed significantly over time,an increase in the intensity of input 7178 satisfies activationintensity threshold 7180 at time 7179, even though activation intensitythreshold 7180 is below the intensity threshold I_(M).

FIG. 7BBB shows the same activation intensity threshold 7180 and input7178 shown in FIG. 7AAA. FIG. 7BBB also shows that activation intensitythreshold 7180 does not fall below baseline threshold 7182, whichreduces unintentional triggering of the predefined operation (e.g.,replacing display of mail application user interface 706 with browserapplication user interface 710).

FIGS. 8A-8E are flow diagrams illustrating method 800 of disambiguatinga long press input and a deep press input in accordance with someembodiments. Method 800 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) witha display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., the touch-sensitive surface is a trackpad). Some operations inmethod 800 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operationsis, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 800 provides an enhanced way to process touchinputs with instructions. Method 800 improves efficiency in processingtouch inputs.

The device displays (802) a first user interface. While displaying thefirst user interface, the device detects (804) an input on thetouch-sensitive surface. Examples of the first user interface andresponses to the input on the touch-sensitive surface are describedabove with reference to FIGS. 7T through 7CC. In some embodiments, thefirst user interface includes a plurality of user interface objects, theinput is detected while a focus selector (e.g., focus selector 709, FIG.7T) is over a first user interface object (e.g., object 708, FIG. 7T) ofthe plurality of user interface objects, and the first user interfaceobject is associated with at least a first gesture recognizer (e.g., apreview gesture recognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., along press gesture recognizer).

In response to detecting the input (808) while displaying the first userinterface, the device performs (810) a first operation (e.g., blurring auser interface, as shown in FIGS. 7D and 7V) in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies intensity input criteriaincluding that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold during afirst predefined time period. On the other hand, in response todetecting the input (808) while displaying the first user interface, thedevice performs (812) a second operation (e.g., displaying a menu ormenu view 716, FIG. 7U) that is distinct from the first operation inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies long presscriteria including that the input remains below the first intensitythreshold during the first predefined time period. As noted above, insome embodiments the second operation includes displaying (830) a menuor menu view (e.g., menu view 716, FIG. 7U).

In some embodiments, the intensity input criteria include (840) that theinput (while remaining in contact with the touch-sensitive surface) doesnot move across the touch-sensitive surface by more than a predefineddistance (e.g., as discussed above with reference to input movementlimit perimeter 714 in FIGS. 7L-7Q, and 7AA-7CC), and the long presscriteria include (842) that the contact in the input does not moveacross the touch-sensitive surface by more than the predefined distance.

In some embodiments, method 800 includes, in accordance with adetermination that the input does not satisfy the intensity inputcriteria and does not satisfy the long press criteria, forgoing (814)the first operation and the second operation.

In some embodiments, detecting (804) the input on the touch-sensitivesurface includes detecting (806, 850) a first portion of the input and asecond portion of the input that is subsequent to the first portion ofthe input. Furthermore, in some such embodiments, method 800 includes,in response (852) to detecting the first portion of the input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting an initial contact of the inputwith the touch-sensitive surface), identifying a first set of gesturerecognizers that correspond to at least the first portion of the inputas candidate gesture recognizers, the first set of gesture recognizersincluding a first gesture recognizer (e.g., a preview gesturerecognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., a long press gesturerecognizer).

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (854) the first operation, including processing the input withthe first gesture recognizer (e.g., the preview gesture recognizer) inaccordance with the determination that the input satisfies the intensityinput criteria. In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold(e.g., I_(M) in FIG. 7T) is distinct from an input detection intensitythreshold (e.g., I_(L) in FIG. 7T). In some embodiments, processing ofthe input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer does not recognize agesture that corresponds to the input. In some embodiments, processingof the input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer has failed to recognizea gesture that corresponds to the input (i.e., that the second gesturerecognizer has transitioned to the Failed state, as discussed above withreference to FIGS. 7X and 7Y).

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (854) the second operation, including processing the input withthe second gesture recognizer (e.g., with the long press gesturerecognizer (L), FIGS. 7T-7U) in accordance with the determination thatthe input satisfies the long press criteria. In some embodiments,processing of the input with the second gesture recognizer also requiresa determination that the first gesture recognizer has failed torecognize a gesture that corresponds to the input (e.g., the intensityof the input detected by the one or more sensors does not satisfy thefirst intensity threshold during the predefined time period). In theexample discussed above with respect to FIG. 7U, the preview gesturerecognizer has transitioned to the Failed state in accordance with adetermination by the device that the intensity of the input detected bythe one or more sensors does not satisfy the first intensity threshold(e.g., I_(M), FIG. 7U) during the predefined time period (e.g., the timeperiod ending at time 7116, FIG. 7U).

As indicated above, in some embodiments the first gesture recognizer(e.g., the preview gesture recognizer) is an intensity-based gesturerecognizer and the second gesture recognizer is a long press gesturerecognizer (860). In some embodiments, the second gesture recognizer(e.g., the long press gesture recognizer) recognizes a particular typeor set of gestures independent of intensity of the input.

In some embodiments or circumstances, the input includes (862) a thirdportion of the input that is subsequent to the second portion of theinput, and method 800 includes processing the third portion of the inputwith the first gesture recognizer. In some embodiments, in accordancewith a determination that the input ceases to satisfy the firstintensity threshold, the device displays the preview area at a reducedscale (e.g., reduces the size of the preview area), an example of whichis shown in the transition from the user interface of FIG. 7H to theuser interface of FIG. 7J (i.e., without transitioning through the userinterface of FIG. 7I).

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes (864)a third gesture recognizer, such as a reveal gesture recognizer (e.g.,gesture recognizer (R) in FIGS. 7A-7CC).

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the input satisfies(866) a second intensity threshold (e.g., a commit intensity thresholdI_(H) that is higher than the first intensity threshold I_(M)), themethod includes, subsequent to performing the first operation,processing the input with the first gesture recognizer, includingreplacing display of the first user interface (e.g., user interface 706,FIG. 7H) with a second user interface (e.g., user interface 710, FIG.7I), and ceasing to display the preview area (e.g., preview area 712,FIG. 7H). In some embodiments, the second user interface includescontent that was displayed in the preview area.

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes (868)a fourth gesture recognizer (e.g., a commit gesture recognizer (C), asshown in FIGS. 7A-7CC), and method 800 includes, in response todetermining (870) that the input satisfies a second intensity threshold(e.g., a commit intensity threshold I_(H) that is higher than the firstintensity threshold I_(M)), processing the input with the fourth gesturerecognizer (e.g., the commit gesture recognizer). In some embodiments,processing the input with the fourth gesture recognizer includesreplacing display of the first user interface with a second userinterface (and ceasing to display the preview area), for examplereplacing display of user interface 706, FIG. 7H, with user interface710, FIG. 7I, and ceasing to display preview area 712, FIG. 7H.

In some embodiments, method 800 includes detecting (872) a second inputon the touch-sensitive surface, including detecting a first portion ofthe second input and a second portion of the second input that issubsequent to the first portion of the second input. For example, thismay occur while the device is displaying the first user interface or athird user interface that is distinct from the first user interface andthe second user interface.

In response to detecting (872) the first portion of the second input onthe touch-sensitive surface, the method includes identifying (874) asecond set of gesture recognizers that correspond to at least the firstportion of the second input, the second set of gesture recognizersincluding the second gesture recognizer (e.g., the long press gesturerecognizer) without the first gesture recognizer (e.g., the previewgesture recognizer). For example, the second input may be positionedover an object for which the first gesture recognizer is not relevant.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, method 800 includes, in response todetecting (876) the second portion of the second input on thetouch-sensitive surface, in accordance with a determination that thesecond input satisfies second long press criteria including that thesecond input remains on the touch-sensitive surface for a secondpredefined time period that has a different duration from the firstpredefined time period (e.g., a longer duration or a shorter durationthan the first predefined time period), processing the second input withthe second gesture recognizer. For example, in a first user interface inwhich there is an intensity-based gesture recognizer and a long pressgesture recognizer for a same respective object or region, theintensity-based gesture recognizer is given more time to recognize anintensity-based gesture by increasing the delay before the long pressgesture recognizer recognizes a long press gesture. In contrast, in athird user interface in which there is an object or user interfaceregion that has a tap/select gesture recognizer and a long press gesturerecognizer without an intensity-based gesture recognizer, the tap/selectgesture recognizer does not need as much time to recognize a tap/selectgesture and thus the delay (i.e., the second predefined time period)before the long press gesture recognizer in third user interfacerecognizes a long press gesture can be shorter than the delay (i.e., thefirst predefined time period) required by the long press gesturerecognizer for the first user interface before recognizing a long pressgesture.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first portion of theinput, the device performs (880) a third operation. In some embodiments,performing the third operation includes visually distinguishing (882) atleast a portion of the first user interface from other portions of thefirst user interface. For example, the third operation may be blurringthe user interface other than an object corresponding to a focusselector, by using a third gesture recognizer (e.g., a reveal gesturerecognizer), as shown in FIG. 7V. In some embodiments, if the long pressgesture recognizer succeeds after the third operation is performed bythe third gesture recognizer, then the third gesture recognizertransitions to the Canceled state and the third operation is reversed(e.g., the blurring is reversed or undone). An example of the latterexample is shown in the transition from FIG. 7V to FIG. 7W. On the otherhand, if the deep press gesture recognizer (e.g., the preview gesturerecognizer) succeeds, then the third operation (the blurring) by thethird gesture recognizer (e.g., a reveal gesture recognizer) iscanceled, and the first operation (e.g., displaying preview area 712, asshown in FIG. 7X) is performed by the deep press gesture recognizer(e.g., the preview gesture recognizer). In some embodiments, for anobject having a reveal gesture recognizer and no long press gesturerecognizer, the reveal operation (e.g., the blurring) is notautomatically cancelled after the first predefined time period. However,in some such embodiments, for an object having both a reveal gesturerecognizer and a long press gesture recognizer, the reveal operation iscancelled when the long press gesture recognizer succeeds.

In some embodiments, method 800 includes performing (884) the firstoperation (e.g., displaying the preview area) subsequent to performing(880) the third operation (e.g., the blurring) in accordance with thedetermination that the input satisfies the intensity input criteria(e.g., by reaching or exceeding I_(M)), and performing (886) the secondoperation (e.g., displaying a menu or menu view, 716, FIG. 7U) inaccordance with the determination that the input satisfies the longpress criteria. Thus, these determinations and operations are performedwhile the input remains in contact with the touch-sensitive surface. Insome embodiments, while the third gesture recognizer (e.g., a revealgesture recognizer) is processing inputs (e.g., generating touch eventscorresponding to the second portion of the input), the first gesturerecognizer and the second gesture recognizer are evaluating the secondportion of the input to determine whether the input matches gesturerecognition criteria for those gesture recognizers. In such embodiments,processing the input with the third gesture recognizer does not blockprocessing the input with the first gesture recognizer and processingthe input with the second gesture recognizer.

As mentioned above, in some embodiments, performing the first operationincludes (820) displaying a preview area (e.g., preview area 712, FIG.7H). Furthermore, in some embodiments, performing the second operationincludes (830) displaying a menu view (e.g., menu view, 716, FIG. 7U).

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is satisfied (822) inresponse to multiple contacts in the input satisfying the firstintensity threshold. For example, in some such embodiments, an intensityof each contact is compared with the first intensity threshold. However,in some other embodiments, the first intensity threshold is satisfied(824) in response to a combination of the intensity applied by aplurality of contacts in the input satisfying the first intensitythreshold (e.g., the intensity of multiple contacts is summed orotherwise combined and the resulting combined intensity is compared withthe first intensity threshold).

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is adjustable (826).For example, in some such embodiments, method 800 includes updating(828) the first gesture recognizer to be activated in response to theintensity of the input satisfying a third intensity threshold that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments, thefirst intensity threshold is selected from a group of three or morepredefined intensity thresholds (e.g., a reveal intensity thresholdI_(L), a preview intensity threshold I_(M), and a commit intensitythreshold I_(H)). In some embodiments, the third intensity threshold isselected from the group of three or more predefined intensitythresholds.

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is selectedindependent of any predefined intensity thresholds. In some embodiments,the first user interface is a user interface of a particular softwareapplication, and the first intensity threshold is selected or specifiedby the particular software application. In some embodiments, the firstintensity threshold is a fixed intensity threshold that does not changewhile the contact is detected on the touch-sensitive surface. However,in some other embodiments, the first intensity threshold is a dynamicintensity threshold that changes over time based on predefinedthreshold-adjustment policies based on the activity of the user, and/orthe condition of the device, and/or other environmental parameters.Adjustable intensity thresholds are discussed in more detail elsewherein this document.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 8A-8E have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. For example, in some embodiments, a method performed at anelectronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface includes, while displaying a user interface that corresponds toat least a portion of a web page on the display, detecting a touch inputon the touch-sensitive surface at a first location that corresponds tothe displayed portion of the web page on the display. The method alsoincludes, while detecting the touch input on the touch-sensitivesurface, detecting an intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., with the one or more sensors);determining whether the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below a first intensitythreshold (e.g., a low intensity threshold, such as a mouse downintensity threshold) to above the first intensity threshold; and, inresponse to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, generating a mousedown event (and optionally, processing instructions in the web page thatcorrespond to a mouse down event). The method further includes,subsequent to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, detecting theintensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; determiningwhether the intensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surfacehas changed from below a second intensity threshold (e.g., a highintensity threshold, such as a force down intensity threshold) that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold to above the secondintensity threshold; and, in response to determining that the intensityof the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface has changed from belowthe second intensity threshold to above the second intensity threshold,generating a force down event that is distinct from the mouse downevent. For brevity, these details are not repeated herein.

Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 800 described above withrespect to FIGS. 8A-8E. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 800 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300,1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

FIGS. 9A-9D are flow diagrams illustrating method 900 of disambiguatinga pan gesture input and a deep press input in accordance with someembodiments.

The device displays (902) a first user interface. While displaying thefirst user interface, the device detects (904) an input on thetouch-sensitive surface. Examples of the first user interface andresponses to the input on the touch-sensitive surface are describedabove with reference to FIGS. 7L through 7S. In some embodiments, thefirst user interface includes a plurality of user interface objects, theinput is detected while a focus selector (e.g., focus selector 707, FIG.7L) is over a first user interface object (e.g., object 708, FIG. 7L) ofthe plurality of user interface objects, and the first user interfaceobject is associated with at least a first gesture recognizer (e.g., apreview gesture recognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., a pangesture recognizer (S)).

In response to detecting the input (908) while displaying the first userinterface, the device performs (910) a first operation (e.g., blurring auser interface, as shown in FIGS. 7D and 7P) in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies intensity input criteriaincluding that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold. On theother hand, in response to detecting the input (908) while displayingthe first user interface, the device performs (912) a second operation(e.g., panning or scrolling at least a portion of the first userinterface, FIG. 7M) that is distinct from the first operation inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies pan criteriaincluding that the input has moved across the touch-sensitive surface byat least a predefined distance (while remaining in contact with thetouch-sensitive surface). As noted above, in some embodiments the secondoperation includes scrolling (930) at least a portion of the first userinterface (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7M).

In some embodiments, performing the first operation includes (920)displaying a preview area (e.g., preview area 712, FIGS. 7H, 7R, 7S).

In some embodiments, the intensity input criteria include (922) that theinput (while remaining in contact with the touch-sensitive surface) doesnot move across the touch-sensitive surface by at least the predefineddistance (e.g., as discussed above with reference to input movementlimit perimeter 714 in FIGS. 7L-7Q, and 7AA-7CC).

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is adjustable (924).For example, in some such embodiments, method 900 includes updating(926) the first gesture recognizer to be activated in response to theintensity of the input satisfying a third intensity threshold that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments, thefirst intensity threshold is selected from a group of three or morepredefined intensity thresholds (e.g., a reveal intensity thresholdI_(L), a preview intensity threshold I_(M), and a commit intensitythreshold I_(H)). In some embodiments, the third intensity threshold isselected from the group of three or more predefined intensitythresholds.

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is selectedindependent of any predefined intensity thresholds. In some embodiments,the first user interface is a user interface of a particular softwareapplication, and the first intensity threshold is selected or specifiedby the particular software application. In some embodiments, the firstintensity threshold is a fixed intensity threshold that does not changewhile the contact is detected on the touch-sensitive surface. However,in some other embodiments, the first intensity threshold is a dynamicintensity threshold that changes over time based on predefinedthreshold-adjustment policies based on the activity of the user, and/orthe condition of the device, and/or other environmental parameters.Adjustable intensity thresholds are discussed in more detail elsewherein this document.

In some embodiments, method 900 includes, subsequent to performance ofthe first operation, forgoing (914) performance of the second operation.Similarly, in some embodiments, method 900 includes, subsequent toperformance of the second operation, forgoing (916) performance of thefirst operation.

In some embodiments, detecting (904) the input on the touch-sensitivesurface includes detecting (906, 950) a first portion of the input and asecond portion of the input that is subsequent to the first portion ofthe input. Furthermore, in some such embodiments, method 900 includes,in response (952) to detecting the first portion of the input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting an initial contact of the inputwith the touch-sensitive surface), identifying a first set of gesturerecognizers that correspond to at least the first portion of the inputas candidate gesture recognizers, the first set of gesture recognizersincluding a first gesture recognizer (e.g., a preview gesturerecognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., a pan gesturerecognizer).

In some embodiments or circumstances, the first user interface includesa plurality of user interface objects, the input is detected while afocus selector is over a first user interface object of the plurality ofuser interface objects, and the first user interface object isassociated with at least the first gesture recognizer and the secondgesture recognizer. Further, in some embodiments, processing the inputwith the first gesture recognizer includes placing the second gesturerecognizer in a failed state.

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (954) the first operation, including processing the input withthe first gesture recognizer (e.g., the preview gesture recognizer) inaccordance with the determination that the input satisfies the intensityinput criteria. In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold(e.g., I_(M) in FIG. 7L) is distinct from an input detection intensitythreshold (e.g., I_(L) in FIG. 7L). In some embodiments, processing ofthe input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer does not recognize agesture that corresponds to the input. In some embodiments, processingof the input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer has failed to recognizea gesture that corresponds to the input (i.e., that the second gesturerecognizer has transitioned to the Failed state, as discussed above withreference to FIGS. 7S and 7T).

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (954) the second operation, including processing the input withthe second gesture recognizer (e.g., with the pan gesture recognizer(S), FIGS. 7L-7S) in accordance with the determination that the inputsatisfies the pan criteria. In some embodiments, processing of the inputwith the second gesture recognizer also requires a determination thatthe first gesture recognizer has failed to recognize a gesture thatcorresponds to the input (e.g., the intensity of the input detected bythe one or more sensors does not satisfy the first intensity thresholdduring the predefined time period). In the example discussed above withrespect to FIG. 7Q, the preview gesture recognizer (P) has transitionedto the Failed state in accordance with a determination by the devicethat the intensity of the input detected by the one or more sensors doesnot satisfy the first intensity threshold (e.g., I_(M), FIG. 7Q) andthat the input satisfies the pan criteria.

As indicated above, in some embodiments the first gesture recognizer(e.g., the preview gesture recognizer) is an intensity-based gesturerecognizer and the second gesture recognizer is a pan gesture recognizer(960). In some embodiments, the second gesture recognizer (e.g., the pangesture recognizer) recognizes a particular type or set of gesturesindependent of intensity of the input.

In some embodiments or circumstances, the input includes (962) a thirdportion of the input that is subsequent to the second portion of theinput, and method 900 includes processing the third portion of the inputwith the first gesture recognizer. In some embodiments, in accordancewith a determination that the input ceases to satisfy the firstintensity threshold, the device displays the preview area at a reducedscale (e.g., reduces the size of the preview area), an example of whichis shown in the transition from the user interface of FIG. 7H to theuser interface of FIG. 7J (i.e., without transitioning through the userinterface of FIG. 7I).

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes (964)a third gesture recognizer, such as a reveal gesture recognizer (e.g.,gesture recognizer (R) in FIGS. 7A-7CC).

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the input satisfies(966) a second intensity threshold (e.g., a commit intensity thresholdI_(H) that is higher than the first intensity threshold I_(M)), method900 includes (e.g., subsequent to performing the first operation)processing the input with the first gesture recognizer, includingreplacing display of the first user interface (e.g., user interface 706,FIG. 7H) with a second user interface (e.g., user interface 710, FIG.7I). In some embodiments in which the first operation includesdisplaying a preview area, performing the second operation includesceasing to display the preview area (e.g., preview area 712, FIG. 7H).In some embodiments, the second user interface includes content that wasdisplayed in the preview area.

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes (968)a fourth gesture recognizer (e.g., a commit gesture recognizer (C), asshown in FIGS. 7A-7CC), and method 900 includes, in response todetermining (970) that the input satisfies a second intensity threshold(e.g., a commit intensity threshold I_(H) that is higher than the firstintensity threshold I_(M)), processing the input with the fourth gesturerecognizer (e.g., the commit gesture recognizer). In some embodiments,processing the input with the fourth gesture recognizer includesreplacing display of the first user interface with a second userinterface (and ceasing to display the preview area), for examplereplacing display of user interface 706, FIG. 7H, with user interface710, FIG. 7I, and ceasing to display preview area 712, FIG. 7H.

In some embodiments, method 900 includes performing (972) a thirdoperation in response to detecting the first portion of the input. Insome embodiments, performing the third operation includes visuallydistinguishing (974) at least a portion of the first user interface fromother portions of the first user interface. For example, the thirdoperation may be blurring the user interface other than an objectcorresponding to a focus selector, by using a third gesture recognizer(e.g., a reveal gesture recognizer), as shown in FIG. 7V. In someembodiments, if the pan gesture recognizer succeeds after the thirdoperation is performed by the third gesture recognizer, then the thirdgesture recognizer transitions to the Canceled state and the thirdoperation is reversed (e.g., the blurring is reversed or undone). Anexample of the latter example is shown in the transition from FIG. 7P toFIG. 7Q. On the other hand, if the deep press gesture recognizer (e.g.,the preview gesture recognizer) succeeds, then the third operation (theblurring) by the third gesture recognizer (e.g., a reveal gesturerecognizer) is canceled, and the first operation (e.g., displayingpreview area 712, as shown in FIG. 7R) is performed by the deep pressgesture recognizer (e.g., the preview gesture recognizer).

In some embodiments, method 900 includes performing (976) the firstoperation (e.g., displaying the preview area) subsequent to performing(972) the third operation (e.g., the blurring) in accordance with thedetermination that the input satisfies the intensity input criteria(e.g., by reaching or exceeding I_(M)), and performing (978) the secondoperation (e.g., panning or scrolling at least a portion of the firstuser interface, FIGS. 7M-7N, FIG. 7Q, etc.) in accordance with thedetermination that the input satisfies the pan criteria. Typically,these determinations and operations are performed while the inputremains in contact with the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, while the third gesture recognizer (e.g., a reveal gesturerecognizer) is processing inputs (e.g., generating touch eventscorresponding to the second portion of the input), the first gesturerecognizer and the second gesture recognizer are evaluating the secondportion of the input to determine whether the input matches gesturerecognition criteria for those gesture recognizers. In such embodiments,processing the input with the third gesture recognizer does not blockprocessing the input with the first gesture recognizer and processingthe input with the second gesture recognizer.

In some embodiments, performing the second operation subsequent toperforming the third operation (978) includes (980) reversing the thirdoperation. For example, in some embodiments, an animation is displayedas the third operation is reversed (e.g., the blurring is reduced tozero over a short period of time as the user interface begins toscroll). Furthermore, in some embodiments, performing the secondoperation subsequent to performing the third operation includes placingthe third gesture recognizer in a cancelled state.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 9A-9D have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. For example, in some embodiments, a method performed at anelectronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface includes, while displaying a user interface that corresponds toat least a portion of a web page on the display, detecting a touch inputon the touch-sensitive surface at a first location that corresponds tothe displayed portion of the web page on the display. The method alsoincludes, while detecting the touch input on the touch-sensitivesurface, detecting an intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., with the one or more sensors);determining whether the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below a first intensitythreshold (e.g., a low intensity threshold, such as a mouse downintensity threshold) to above the first intensity threshold; and, inresponse to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, generating a mousedown event (and optionally, processing instructions in the web page thatcorrespond to a mouse down event). The method further includes,subsequent to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, detecting theintensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; determiningwhether the intensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surfacehas changed from below a second intensity threshold (e.g., a highintensity threshold, such as a force down intensity threshold) that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold to above the secondintensity threshold; and, in response to determining that the intensityof the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface has changed from belowthe second intensity threshold to above the second intensity threshold,generating a force down event that is distinct from the mouse downevent. For brevity, these details are not repeated herein.

Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 800 described above withrespect to FIGS. 9A-9D. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 900 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300,1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

FIGS. 10A-10D are flow diagrams illustrating method 1000 ofdisambiguating a tap gesture input and a deep press input in accordancewith some embodiments. Method 1000 is performed at an electronic device(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG.1A) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensorsto detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. Insome embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., the touch-sensitive surface is a trackpad). Some operations inmethod 800 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operationsis, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1000 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with instructions. Method 1000 improves efficiency inprocessing touch inputs.

The device displays (1002) a first user interface. While displaying thefirst user interface, the device detects (1004) an input on thetouch-sensitive surface. Examples of the first user interface andresponses to the input on the touch-sensitive surface are describedabove with reference to FIGS. 7A through 7K. In some embodiments, thefirst user interface includes a plurality of user interface objects, theinput is detected while a focus selector (e.g., focus selector 705, FIG.7A) is over a first user interface object (e.g., object 708, FIG. 7A) ofthe plurality of user interface objects, and the first user interfaceobject is associated with at least a first gesture recognizer (e.g., apreview gesture recognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., along press gesture recognizer).

In response to detecting the input (1008) while displaying the firstuser interface, the device performs (1010) a first operation (e.g.,blurring a user interface, as shown in FIG. 7D) in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies intensity input criteriaincluding that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold and theinput remains on the touch-sensitive surface for a first predefined timeperiod. On the other hand, in response to detecting the input (1008)while displaying the first user interface, the device performs (1012) asecond operation (e.g., selecting an object, or launching anapplication, corresponding to a current position of the focus selector705 and displaying the application user interface, FIG. 7B) that isdistinct from the first operation in accordance with a determinationthat the input satisfies tap criteria, including that the input ceasesto remain on the touch-sensitive surface during the first predefinedtime period. Stated another way, the input meets the tap criteria if theinput is removed from the touch-sensitive surface prior to the end ofthe first predefined time period (e.g., the time period ending at time7002, FIG. 7B). In some embodiments, the second operation is performed(1014) in accordance with the determination that the input satisfies thetap criteria, regardless of whether the input satisfies the intensityinput criteria.

In some embodiments, performing the first operation includes (1020)displaying a preview area (e.g., preview area 712, FIG. 7G).Furthermore, in some embodiments, performing the second operationincludes (1220) replacing display of the first user interface (e.g.,user interface 706, FIG. 7A) with a third user interface (e.g., userinterface 710, FIG. 7B) of a software application that corresponds to alocation of the input on the touch-sensitive surface. For example, insome embodiments, a tap gesture on an object causes the display of theuser interface of a software application corresponding to the object.

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is adjustable (1024).For example, in some such embodiments, method 1000 includes updating(1026) the first gesture recognizer to be activated in response to theintensity of the input satisfying a third intensity threshold that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold. In some embodiments, thefirst intensity threshold is selected from a group of three or morepredefined intensity thresholds (e.g., a reveal intensity thresholdI_(L), a preview intensity threshold I_(M), and a commit intensitythreshold I_(H)). In some embodiments, the third intensity threshold isselected from the group of three or more predefined intensitythresholds.

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold is selectedindependent of any predefined intensity thresholds. In some embodiments,the first user interface is a user interface of a particular softwareapplication, and the first intensity threshold is selected or specifiedby the particular software application. In some embodiments, the firstintensity threshold is a fixed intensity threshold that does not changewhile the contact is detected on the touch-sensitive surface. However,in some other embodiments, the first intensity threshold is a dynamicintensity threshold that changes over time based on predefinedthreshold-adjustment policies based on the activity of the user, and/orthe condition of the device, and/or other environmental parameters.Adjustable intensity thresholds are discussed in more detail elsewherein this document.

In some embodiments, method 1000 includes (1028), in response todetecting the input while displaying the first user interface,performing the second operation in accordance with a determination thatthe input remains on the touch-sensitive surface for the firstpredefined time period followed by the input subsequently ceasing to bedetected on the touch-sensitive surface and the input does not satisfythe intensity input criteria. For example, For example, an input havingintensity profile 7110 in FIG. 7B satisfies these criteria, and thussatisfies the tap criteria, despite the fact that the input remains onthe touch-sensitive surface longer than the first predefined timeperiod.

On the other hand, method 1000 includes (1028), in response to detectingthe input while displaying the first user interface, forgoingperformance of the second operation in accordance with a determinationthat the input remains on the touch-sensitive surface for the firstpredefined time period followed by the input subsequently ceasing to bedetected on the touch-sensitive surface and the input satisfies theintensity input criteria. For example, an input having intensity profile7112 or 7114 in FIG. 7K does not satisfy the tap criteria, because theinput both extends past the first predefined time period and satisfiesthe intensity input criteria (e.g., the input has an intensity thatexceeds intensity threshold I_(L) or I_(M)).

In some embodiments, detecting (1004) the input on the touch-sensitivesurface includes detecting (1006, 1050) a first portion of the input anda second portion of the input that is subsequent to the first portion ofthe input. Furthermore, in some such embodiments, method 1000 includes,in response (1052) to detecting the first portion of the input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting an initial contact of the inputwith the touch-sensitive surface), identifying a first set of gesturerecognizers that correspond to at least the first portion of the inputas candidate gesture recognizers, the first set of gesture recognizersincluding a first gesture recognizer (e.g., a preview gesturerecognizer) and a second gesture recognizer (e.g., a tap gesturerecognizer).

In some embodiments or circumstances, the first user interface includesa plurality of user interface objects, the input is detected while afocus selector is over a first user interface object of the plurality ofuser interface objects, and the first user interface object isassociated with at least the first gesture recognizer and the secondgesture recognizer. Further, in some embodiments, processing the inputwith the first gesture recognizer includes placing the second gesturerecognizer in a failed state.

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (1054) the first operation, including processing the input withthe first gesture recognizer (e.g., the preview gesture recognizer) inaccordance with the determination that the input satisfies the intensityinput criteria. In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold(e.g., I_(M) in FIG. 7A) is distinct from an input detection intensitythreshold (e.g., I_(L) in FIG. 7A). In some embodiments, processing ofthe input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer does not recognize agesture that corresponds to the input. In some embodiments, processingof the input with the first gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the second gesture recognizer has failed to recognizea gesture that corresponds to the input (i.e., that the second gesturerecognizer has transitioned to the Failed state, as shown in thetransition from the user interface in FIG. 7F to the user interface inFIG. 7G).

Further, in the aforementioned embodiments, in response to detecting thesecond portion of the input on the touch-sensitive surface, the deviceperforms (1054) the second operation, including processing the inputwith the second gesture recognizer (e.g., with the tap gesturerecognizer (T), FIGS. 7A-7K) in accordance with the determination thatthe input satisfies the tap criteria. In some embodiments, processing ofthe input with the second gesture recognizer also requires adetermination that the first gesture recognizer has failed to recognizea gesture that corresponds to the input (e.g., because the input hasceased to remain on the touch-sensitive surface for the first predefinedtime period). In the example discussed above with respect to FIG. 7B,the preview gesture recognizer (P) has transitioned to the Failed statein accordance with a determination by the device that the input hasceased to remain on the touch-sensitive surface during (i.e., for theentirety of) the first predefined time period.

As noted above, in some embodiments the first gesture recognizer (e.g.,the preview gesture recognizer) is an intensity-based gesture recognizerand the second gesture recognizer is a tap gesture recognizer (1060). Insome embodiments, the second gesture recognizer (e.g., the tap gesturerecognizer) recognizes tap gestures independent of intensity of theinput.

In some embodiments or circumstances, the input includes (1062) a thirdportion of the input that is subsequent to the second portion of theinput, and method 1000 includes processing the third portion of theinput with the first gesture recognizer. In some embodiments, inaccordance with a determination that the input ceases to satisfy thefirst intensity threshold, the device displays the preview area at areduced scale (e.g., reduces the size of the preview area), an exampleof which is shown in the transition from the user interface of FIG. 7Hto the user interface of FIG. 7J (i.e., without transitioning throughthe user interface of FIG. 7I).

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes(1064) a third gesture recognizer, such as a reveal gesture recognizer(e.g., gesture recognizer (R) in FIGS. 7A-7CC).

In some embodiments, in response to determining that the input satisfies(1066) a second intensity threshold (e.g., a commit intensity thresholdI_(H) that is higher than the first intensity threshold I_(M)), method1000 includes (e.g., subsequent to performing the first operation)processing the input with the first gesture recognizer, includingreplacing display of the first user interface (e.g., user interface 706,FIG. 7H) with a second user interface (e.g., user interface 710, FIG.7I). In some embodiments in which the first operation includesdisplaying a preview area, performing the second operation includesceasing to display the preview area (e.g., preview area 712, FIG. 7H).In some embodiments, the second user interface includes content that wasdisplayed in the preview area.

In some embodiments, the first set of gesture recognizers includes(1068) a fourth gesture recognizer (e.g., a commit gesture recognizer(C), as shown in FIGS. 7A-7CC), and method 1000 includes, in response todetermining (1070) that the input satisfies a second intensity threshold(e.g., a commit intensity threshold I_(H) that is higher than the firstintensity threshold I_(M)), processing the input with the fourth gesturerecognizer (e.g., the commit gesture recognizer). In some embodiments,processing the input with the fourth gesture recognizer includesreplacing display of the first user interface with a second userinterface (and ceasing to display the preview area), for examplereplacing display of user interface 706, FIG. 7H, with user interface710, FIG. 7I, and ceasing to display preview area 712, FIG. 7H.

In some embodiments, method 1000 includes performing (1072) a thirdoperation in response to detecting the first portion of the input. Insome embodiments, performing the third operation includes visuallydistinguishing (1074) at least a portion of the first user interfacefrom other portions of the first user interface. For example, the thirdoperation may be blurring the user interface other than an objectcorresponding to a focus selector, by using a third gesture recognizer(e.g., a reveal gesture recognizer), as shown in FIG. 7D. In someembodiments, if the tap gesture recognizer succeeds after the thirdoperation is performed by the third gesture recognizer, then the thirdgesture recognizer transitions to the Canceled state and the thirdoperation is reversed (e.g., the blurring is reversed or undone). On theother hand, if the deep press gesture recognizer (e.g., the previewgesture recognizer) succeeds, then the third operation (the blurring) bythe third gesture recognizer (e.g., a reveal gesture recognizer) iscanceled, and the first operation (e.g., displaying preview area 712, asshown in FIGS. 7E-7H) is performed by the deep press gesture recognizer(e.g., the preview gesture recognizer).

In some embodiments, method 1000 includes performing (1076) the firstoperation (e.g., displaying the preview area) subsequent to performing(1072) the third operation (e.g., the blurring) in accordance with thedetermination that the input satisfies the intensity input criteria(e.g., by reaching or exceeding I_(M)), and performing (1078) the secondoperation (e.g., selecting an object and displaying the user interfaceof an application associated with the selected object, FIG. 7I) inaccordance with the determination that the input satisfies the tapcriteria. In some embodiments, while the third gesture recognizer (e.g.,a reveal gesture recognizer) is processing inputs (e.g., generatingtouch events corresponding to the second portion of the input), thefirst gesture recognizer and the second gesture recognizer areevaluating the second portion of the input to determine whether theinput matches gesture recognition criteria for those gesturerecognizers. In such embodiments, processing the input with the thirdgesture recognizer does not block processing the input with the firstgesture recognizer and processing the input with the second gesturerecognizer.

In some embodiments, performing the third operation is initiated (1080)during the first predefined time period. For example, the hint/revealanimation (e.g., progressive blurring of the first user interface inaccordance with the intensity of the input on the touch-sensitivesurface) is displayed even before the first predefined time period haselapsed if (i.e., in accordance with a determination that) the intensityof the input exceeds the input detection intensity threshold (e.g.,I_(L), FIG. 7D) before the first predefined time period has elapsed.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 10A-10D have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. For example, in some embodiments, a method performed at anelectronic device with a touch-sensitive surface, a display, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface includes, while displaying a user interface that corresponds toat least a portion of a web page on the display, detecting a touch inputon the touch-sensitive surface at a first location that corresponds tothe displayed portion of the web page on the display. The method alsoincludes, while detecting the touch input on the touch-sensitivesurface, detecting an intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface (e.g., with the one or more sensors);determining whether the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below a first intensitythreshold (e.g., a low intensity threshold, such as a mouse downintensity threshold) to above the first intensity threshold; and, inresponse to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, generating a mousedown event (and optionally, processing instructions in the web page thatcorrespond to a mouse down event). The method further includes,subsequent to determining that the intensity of the touch input on thetouch-sensitive surface has changed from below the first intensitythreshold to above the first intensity threshold, detecting theintensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface; determiningwhether the intensity of the touch input on the touch-sensitive surfacehas changed from below a second intensity threshold (e.g., a highintensity threshold, such as a force down intensity threshold) that isdistinct from the first intensity threshold to above the secondintensity threshold; and, in response to determining that the intensityof the touch input on the touch-sensitive surface has changed from belowthe second intensity threshold to above the second intensity threshold,generating a force down event that is distinct from the mouse downevent. For brevity, these details are not repeated herein.

Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 800 described above withrespect to FIGS. 10A-10D. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 900 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1100, 1200, 1300,1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.

FIG. 11A is a high level flow diagram illustrating a method ofprocessing touch inputs using application-independent set of predefinedinstructions (e.g., application-independent module 220) in accordancewith some embodiments.

Application-specific module 230 displays (1102) a user interface (e.g.,mail application user interface 706 in FIG. 7C).

While the user interface is displayed, application-independent module220 detects (1104) a first portion of an input (e.g., contact 705 inFIG. 7C), and executes (1105) application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for providing preview operations. In some embodiments, thecontrol of application-specific module 230 is given toapplication-independent module 220. By using application-independentmodule 220 for the preview operations, the computational burdens and thesize of application-specific module 230 are reduced. The sameapplication-independent module 220 can be used by multiple softwareapplications for providing the preview operations, thereby reducing thememory usage. In some embodiments, application-independent module 220 isprovided in an operating system or a standard library of the device,which also reduces the development time by software developers.Furthermore, application-independent module 220 provides standardizedmethods for interaction, which facilitate users to learn the methodsquickly and reduce the cognitive burden on users.

Application-independent module 220 performs (1106) the previewoperations.

In some embodiments, application-independent module 220 sends (1107) toapplication-specific module 230 operation information (e.g., informationindicating that the preview operations have started).Application-specific module 230 receives (1108) the operationinformation, generates (1109) preview content, and sends (1110) thepreview content to application-independent module 220.Application-independent module 220 receives (1111) the preview content.

Application-independent module 220 visually distinguishes (1112) a userinterface object (e.g., mail application user interface 706 in FIG. 7D).

Application-independent module 220 receives (1113) a second portion ofthe input (e.g., an increased intensity of the input is detected asshown in FIG. 7E).

Application-independent module 220 displays (1114) a preview area (e.g.,preview area 712 in FIG. 7G).

In some embodiments, application-independent module 220 updates (1115)the preview area (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7H, a further increase in theintensity of the input is detected and the size of preview area 712 isincreased).

In some embodiments, application-independent module 220 ceases (1116) todisplay the preview area (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 7J-7K, preview area712 ceases to be displayed when the intensity of the input falls belowthe intensity threshold I_(L)).

In some embodiments, application-independent module 220 detects (1117) athird portion of the input and display a second user interface (e.g., asshown in FIG. 7I, browser application user interface 710 is displayed inresponse to the intensity of the input reaching the intensity thresholdI_(H)). At this time, the control of application-specific module 230 isgiven back to application-specific module 230, and application-specificmodule 230 processes (1118) subsequent inputs.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIG. 11A have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600)are also applicable in an analogous manner to the method described abovewith respect to FIG. 11A. For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 11B-11C are flow diagrams illustrating method 1100 of processingtouch inputs using application-independent set of predefinedinstructions in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1100 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is atouch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integratedwith the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from thetouch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 1100 are, optionally,combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1100 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with application-independent set of instructions. Method1100 improves efficiency in processing touch inputs. By reducing thesize of a software application, improving the speed of the softwareapplication, and potentially reducing the memory usage, such methods andinterfaces provide a more efficient human-machine interface, therebyimproving overall operational time and user experience. Forbattery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve batterypower and increase the time between battery charges. In addition, suchmethods reduce the burden on application developers and facilitatedevelopment of software applications that can more efficiently processtouch inputs. Furthermore, such methods and user interfaces providestandardized ways in interacting with the user interfaces, therebyreducing the cognitive burden on the users and further improving theoperational time and user experience.

The device displays (1130) a first user interface of a first softwareapplication (e.g., mail application user interface 706 in FIG. 7C), thefirst user interface including a plurality of user interface objects(e.g., user interface object 708, buttons such as “Integrate Us” and“Subtract,” an email address, and other controls), a first userinterface object of the plurality of user interface objects beingassociated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., user interface object 708 isconfigured, for example by preregistering user interface object 708 withapplication-independent module 220 for the preview operations beforereceiving an input by a contact, to operate with theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations). In some embodiments, the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations is distinct from aportion of the first software application that is unique to the firstsoftware application. For example, the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations is part of an applicationdevelopment framework that is provided to the application developereither as a drop-in module (e.g., touch processing module 220 in FIG.1C) that is integrated with the first software application (e.g.,application 1 (136-1)) and enables the first software application tointeract with touch input information provided by the operating systemon which the first application is running, or theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations is part of the operating system that updates the first userinterface for the first software application according to an API thatprovides consistent user interfaces for the first software application.In some embodiments, multiple different third-party applications runningon the device include independent access to the application-independentset of predefined instructions. In some embodiments, multiple differentthird-party applications running on the device include independentinstances of the application-independent set of predefined instructions.In some embodiments, multiple different applications on the deviceinclude code for interfacing with the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions that support with all of the third-partyapplications. In some embodiments, the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations is separate from thefirst software application. In some embodiments, theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions for previewoperations is included in the first software application.

The device detects (1132) a first portion of an input (e.g., a pressinput, such as input 705 in FIG. 7C) by a contact while a focus selectoris over the first user interface object, in the plurality of userinterface objects, on the display. In some embodiments, the input ismade by a single contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the input is a stationary input. In some embodiments, thecontact in the input moves across the touch-sensitive surface during theinput.

The device, in response to detecting the first portion of the input andin accordance with a determination that the first portion of the inputsatisfies reveal criteria including that the input satisfies a firstintensity threshold (e.g., a “reveal” intensity threshold at which thedevice starts to blur the first user interface, such as I_(L) in FIG.7C), executes (1134) the application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations, including providing preview contentto the application-independent set of predefined instructions (e.g.,operation 1110 in FIG. 11A). The preview operations performed byexecuting the application-independent set of predefined instructionsinclude: visually distinguishing the first user interface object in thefirst user interface (e.g., blurring the first user interface other thanthe first user interface object as shown in FIG. 7D) (e.g., prior todisplaying the preview area as shown in FIGS. 7D-7G); and, subsequent toinitiation of the visual distinction of the first user interface objectin the first user interface: receiving a second portion of the inputthat is subsequent to the first portion of the input (e.g., an increasedintensity of focus selector 705 in FIG. 7G); and, in accordance with adetermination that the second portion of the input satisfies previewcriteria including that the input satisfies a second intensity threshold(e.g., a “preview” intensity threshold, that is higher than the firstintensity threshold, at which the device starts to display a preview ofanother user interface that can be reached by pressing harder on thefirst user interface object, such as I_(M) in FIG. 7G), displaying apreview area overlaid on the first user interface (e.g., preview area712 in FIG. 7G). The preview area includes the preview content. In someembodiments, the preview content is a reduced-size view of a userinterface that is presented when the first user interface object isactivated (e.g., the preview content in preview area 712 is areduced-size view of browser application user interface 710 that isdisplayed in response to a tap gesture while the focus selector is onuser interface object 708 as shown in FIG. 7B).

In some embodiments, subsequent to initiation of the preview operations,the preview operations are (1136) performed independent of the firstsoftware application (e.g., independent of the portion of the firstsoftware application that is unique to the first software application).For example, as shown in FIG. 11A, the preview operations, subsequent toreceiving the preview content, are performed by application-independentmodule 220 independently of application-specific module 230.

In some embodiments, the preview operations include (1138) updating thepreview area in accordance with intensity of the contact (e.g., as shownin FIG. 7H, a further increase in the intensity of the input is detectedand the size of preview area 712 is increased).

In some embodiments, the preview operations include (1140), in responseto detecting the second portion of the input, in accordance with adetermination that the second portion of the input meetspreview-area-disappearance criteria (e.g., the input ends, such asliftoff of the contact), ceasing to display the preview area andmaintaining display of the first user interface (e.g., as shown in FIGS.7J-7K, preview area 712 ceases to be displayed when the intensity of theinput falls below the intensity threshold I_(L)). In some embodiments,subsequent to the device ceasing to display the preview area, the deviceprocesses a subsequent input using at least a portion of the firstsoftware application that is unique to the first software application.

In some embodiments, the preview operations include (1142): afterdetecting the second portion of the input, detecting a third portion ofthe input by the contact; and, in response to detecting the thirdportion of the input by the contact, in accordance with a determinationthat the third portion of the input satisfies user-interface-replacementcriteria, replacing display of the first user interface (and an overlayof the preview area) with a second user interface that is distinct fromthe first user interface (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7I, browser applicationuser interface 710 is displayed in response to the intensity of theinput reaching the intensity threshold I_(H)).

In some embodiments, the preview operations include (1144): sending fromthe application-independent set of predefined instructions informationindicating operation for the first user interface object (e.g.,selection or activation of the first user interface object) (e.g., to aportion of the first software application that is unique to the firstsoftware application, such as application core 1 (230-1) in FIG. 1C) forgenerating a second user interface; and receiving at theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions the second userinterface (e.g., using operations 1107 and 1111 in FIG. 11A,application-independent module 220 receives preview content, such asbrowser application user interface 710 in FIG. 7B, for presenting thepreview content in the preview area as shown in FIG. 7G and, optionallyreplacing the first user interface with a second user interface thatincludes the preview content in response to a further increase in theintensity of the input as shown in FIG. 7I). The preview contentincludes at least a portion of the second user interface. In someembodiments, the preview content includes the entirety of the seconduser interface.

In some embodiments, the preview operations include (1146): at the firstsoftware application (e.g. a portion of the first software applicationthat is unique to the first software application): receiving theinformation indicating operation for the first user interface object;generating the second user interface; and sending the second userinterface to the application-independent set of predefined instructions(e.g., operations 1108, 1109, and 1110 performed by application-specificmodule 230 as shown in FIG. 11A). In some embodiments, other thanproviding the preview content, application-specific module 230 is notused for performing the preview operations.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 11B-11C have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1150, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1100 described above withrespect to FIGS. 11B-11C. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1100 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1150, 1200,1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIG. 11D is a flow diagram illustrating method 1150 of processing touchinputs using application-independent set of predefined instructions inaccordance with some embodiments. Method 1150 is performed at anelectronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunctiondevice 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and oneor more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display andthe touch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. Insome embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitivesurface. Some operations in method 1150 are, optionally, combined and/orthe order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1150 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with application-independent set of instructions. Method1150 improves efficiency in processing touch inputs. By reducing thesize of a software application, improving the speed of the softwareapplication, and potentially reducing the memory usage, such methods andinterfaces provide a more efficient human-machine interface, therebyimproving overall operational time and user experience. Forbattery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve batterypower and increase the time between battery charges. In addition, suchmethods reduce the burden on application developers and facilitatedevelopment of software applications that can more efficiently processtouch inputs. Furthermore, such methods and user interfaces providestandardized ways in interacting with the user interfaces, therebyreducing the cognitive burden on the users and further improving theoperational time and user experience.

The device displays (1152) a first user interface of a first softwareapplication (e.g., mail application user interface 706 in FIG. 7C), thefirst user interface including a plurality of user interface objects(e.g., user interface object 708, buttons such as “Integrate Us” and“Subtract,” an email address, and other controls), a first userinterface object of the plurality of user interface objects beingassociated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., user interface object 708 isconfigured to operate with the application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations).

The device detects (1154) a first portion of an input (e.g., a pressinput, such as input 705 in FIG. 7G) by a contact while a focus selectoris over the first user interface object, in the plurality of userinterface objects, on the display.

The device, in response to detecting the first portion of the input andin accordance with a determination that the first portion of the inputmeets preview criteria, executes (1156) the application-independent setof predefined instructions for preview operations (e.g., operation 1105in FIG. 11A). The preview operations performed by executing theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions include:displaying a preview area overlaid on the first user interface (e.g.,preview area 712 overlaid on mail application user interface 706 asshown in FIG. 7G); after detecting the first portion of the input,detecting a second portion of the input; and, in response to detectingthe second portion of the input by the contact, in accordance with adetermination that the second portion of the input meetsuser-interface-replacement criteria, replacing display of the first userinterface with a second user interface that is distinct from the firstuser interface (e.g., in response to the intensity of contact 705reaching the intensity threshold I_(H), mail application user interface706, together with preview area 712, is replaced with browserapplication user interface 710 shown in FIG. 7I).

In some embodiments, subsequent to initiation of the preview operations,the preview operations are (1158) performed independent of the firstsoftware application (e.g., as shown in FIG. 11A, subsequent toreceiving the preview content from application-specific module 230,preview operations 1106 are performed independent ofapplication-specific module 230). In some embodiments, preview contentis obtained prior to initiation of the preview operations (e.g., thepreview content is obtained before operation 1112 in FIG. 11A).

In some embodiments, inputs on the touch-sensitive surface detectedsubsequent to replacing the display of the first user interface with thesecond user interface are (1160) processed with the first softwareapplication. For example, as shown in FIG. 1117, after the second userinterface, such as browser application user interface 710 in FIG. 7I, isdisplayed, the control is given back to the first software application(e.g., browser module 147) and the first software application processessubsequent inputs on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., by usingapplication core 1 (230-1) alone, or optionally using application core 1(230-1) in conjunction with touch processing module 220).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIG. 11D have been described is merely exemplary and isnot intended to indicate that the described order is the only order inwhich the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1150 described above withrespect to FIG. 11D. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1150 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200,1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating method 1200 of processing atouch input using a predefined data structure in accordance with someembodiments. Method 1200 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) witha display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface.Some operations in method 1200 are, optionally, combined and/or theorder of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1200 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with a predefined data structure. Method 1200 improvesefficiency in processing touch inputs. Such methods and interfacesprovide a more efficient human-machine interface, thereby improvingoverall operational time and user experience. For battery-operateddevices, such methods and interfaces conserve battery power and increasethe time between battery charges.

The device displays (1202), on the display, a user interface of asoftware application (e.g., mail application user interface 706 in FIG.7FF).

The device, while displaying the user interface of the softwareapplication on the display, detects (1204) an input (e.g., the inputcorresponding to focus selector 713 in FIG. 7FF) on the touch-sensitivesurface at a location that corresponds to the user interface of thesoftware application.

The device, in response to detecting the input, sends (1206) from anapplication-independent set of instructions to the software applicationintensity information that corresponds to the input (e.g., as shown inFIG. 7FF, application-independent module 220 sends event object 194 toapplication-specific module 230). The intensity information includes: areference intensity assigned to the one or more sensors (e.g., referenceintensity 7208); and a characteristic intensity that corresponds to adetected (e.g., measured) intensity of the input (e.g., characteristicintensity 7206). In some embodiments, an application-independent set ofinstructions is an application-independent software entity (e.g., touchprocessing module 220 in FIG. 1C).

In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is (1208) furtheradjusted by a sensitivity value (e.g., sensitivity 7210 in FIG. 7FF). Insome embodiments, the characteristic intensity includes the sensitivityvalue (e.g., the characteristic intensity is multiplied by thesensitivity value). For example, at 1× sensitivity, an intensity of 100g equals a normalized intensity of 1.0, and at 2× intensity, anintensity of 50 g equals a normalized intensity of 1.0 (when thereference intensity is 100 g). In comparison, at 1× intensity, anintensity of 50 g equals a normalized intensity of 0.5.

In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the input is (1210)a normalized intensity value that is normalized based on the referenceintensity (e.g., the normalized intensity 1.0=the characteristicintensity 100 g/the reference intensity 100 g).

In some embodiments, the intensity information includes (1212) intensitystate information that is determined by one or more heuristics based ona combination of intensity-based criteria (e.g., measured contactintensity) and non-intensity-based criteria (e.g., movement of contact,duration of contact, location of contact, etc.). For example, thethresholds for determining the intensity state vary depending onmovement of the contact, duration of the contact, and a location of thecontact. In some embodiments, one or more of the intensity statesinclude a dynamically determined intensity state (e.g., as described ingreater detail below with reference to methods 1500 and 1600).

In some embodiments, the intensity state information is (1214) providedbased on an indication from the device as to whether or not a currentintensity state matches an intensity state requirement for a gesturerecognizer (e.g., intensity criteria specified by a third-partyapplication for a first gesture in a first class of gestures asdescribed below with reference to method 1400).

In some embodiments, the intensity information includes (1216) intensitystate information that has a plurality of different available statevalues (e.g., no-force state, hint/reveal state, peek/preview state,pop/commit state) and transitions between intensity states are usedthroughout the operating system to trigger operating-system driven userinteractions (e.g., peek and pop, quick action menus, etc.).

In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity of the input is (1218)provided via one or more touch events that each include a characteristicintensity of a contact corresponding to the touch event (e.g., in FIG.7II, two event objects 194 and 7194 are provided). In some embodiments,touch events are delivered to a view after a gesture recognizerassociated with the view has recognized a gesture. For example, touchevents that are delivered after a gesture recognizer recognizes agesture include intensity information. In some embodiments, touch eventsare delivered to a view that is not associated with a gesture recognizerand the operations are performed by an application corresponding to theview based on the touch events (e.g., drawing a line with a thicknessthat is determined based on an intensity of one or more of the contactsin the gesture).

In some embodiments, the device displays (1220), on the display, asensitivity control for selecting a respective intensity sensitivitysetting between a plurality of intensity sensitivity settings (e.g.,area 720 in FIG. 7GG or area 722 in FIG. 7HH with a plurality ofintensity sensitivity settings); while displaying the sensitivitycontrol, receives a user input corresponding to selection of therespective intensity sensitivity setting of the plurality of intensitysensitivity settings; and, in response to receiving the user inputcorresponding to selection of the respective intensity sensitivitysetting, adjusts characteristic intensity values for a plurality ofsubsequent inputs by a respective sensitivity value that corresponds tothe respective intensity sensitivity setting selected by the user. Forexample, the intensity sensitivity setting for all inputs is adjustableby the user without changing the applications that are interpreting theinputs, because the input values are adjusted before they are deliveredto the applications (e.g., by same application-independent module 220).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 12A-12B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1200 described above withrespect to FIGS. 12A-12B. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1200 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150,1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 13A-13B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processing atouch input using a force gesture progress indicator in accordance withsome embodiments. Method 1300 is performed at an electronic device(e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG.1A) with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensorsto detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. Insome embodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface.Some operations in method 1300 are, optionally, combined and/or theorder of some operations is, optionally, changed.

Method 1300 provides an enhanced way to process touch inputs with aforce gesture progress indicator. Method 1300 improves efficiency inprocessing touch inputs. Such methods and interfaces provide a moreefficient human-machine interface, thereby improving overall operationaltime and user experience. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve battery power and increase the time between batterycharges.

The device displays (1302), on the display, a first user interface of asoftware application (e.g., mail application user interface 706 in FIG.7A).

The device, while displaying the first user interface of the softwareapplication, detects (1304) an input on the touch-sensitive surface(e.g., focus selector 705 in FIG. 7A).

The device, while detecting the input: in response to detecting changesto intensity of the input, provides (1306) from anapplication-independent set of instructions to the software applicationa value of a first progress indicator that represents the changes to theintensity of the input (e.g., event object 194 conveyed fromapplication-independent module 220 to application-specific module 230 asshown in FIG. 7FF); and updates the first user interface in accordancewith a set of instructions in the software application that is differentfrom the application-independent set of instructions (e.g., the firstuser interface is updated, for example to show the visual distinction asshown in FIG. 7D, using application-specific module 230 in FIG. 7FF) andthe value of the first progress indicator (e.g., progress indicator 750in FIG. 7D). In some embodiments, the method includes monitoring thevalue of the first progress indicator and updating the first userinterface based on the value of the first progress indicator in responseto changes to the first progress indicator. In some embodiments, the setof instructions in the software application are application-specificinstructions.

In some embodiments, the value of the first progress indicator is (1308)a normalized value that indicates a status of the input between a firstinitial state (e.g., a hint/reveal intensity state) and a first terminalstate (e.g., a peek/preview intensity state). For example, the firstprogress indicator has a value between 0 and 1, where 0 represents aninitial state (e.g., an initial intensity, such as a beginning of thehint/reveal intensity state as shown in FIG. 7C) and 1 represents aterminal state (e.g., a terminal or target intensity, such as thepeek/preview intensity state as shown in FIG. 7G).

In some embodiments, the first initial state and the first terminalstate are (1310) specified by the software application (e.g.,application 1 (136-1) in FIG. 1C). In some embodiments, application core1 (230-1) of application 1 (136-1) specifies the first initial state andthe first terminal state (e.g., the software application specifieswhether the first terminal state is to correspond to a peek/previewintensity state or a pop/commit intensity state.

In some embodiments, progress between different states is (1312)determined by one or more heuristics based on a combination ofintensity-based criteria (e.g., measured contact intensity) andnon-intensity-based criteria (e.g., movement of contact, duration ofcontact, location of contact, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more ofthe intensity states is a dynamically determined intensity state (e.g.,as described in greater detail below with reference to methods 1500 and1600).

In some embodiments, the states are (1314) selected from a set of statevalues provided by an operating system of the device (e.g., no-forcestate, hint/reveal state, peek/preview state, pop/commit state) andtransitions between these states are used throughout the operatingsystem to trigger operating-system driven user interactions (e.g., peekand pop, quick action menus, etc.).

In some embodiments, the device, while detecting the input: in responseto detecting changes to intensity of the input over (or to) the firstterminal state: provides (1316) from the application-independent set ofinstructions to the software application a value of a second progressindicator (e.g., second progress indicator 752 in FIG. 7G) thatrepresents the changes to the input. The value of the second progressindicator is a normalized value that indicates a status of the inputbetween a second initial state and a second terminal state (e.g.,between the peek/preview intensity state and the pop/commit intensitystate). The device updates the first user interface in accordance withthe set of instructions in the software application that is differentfrom the application-independent set of instructions and the value ofthe second progress indicator. In some embodiments, the second initialstate corresponds to the first terminal state. This allows the device tomonitor changes to intensity of the input continuously from the firstinitial state to the second terminal state without a gap.

In some embodiments, updating the first user interface in accordancewith the set of instructions in the software application and the valueof the second progress indicator includes (1318) replacing the firstuser interface with a second user interface (e.g., in FIG. 7I, whensecond progress indicator 752 reaches the second terminal state, mailapplication user interface 706 is replaced with browser application userinterface 710).

In some embodiments, the set of instructions in the software applicationis (1320) configured to provide a customized animation graphicallyrepresenting changes to the intensity of the input. In some embodiments,the set of instructions in the software application is configured toprovide a customized animation that graphically represents an initiationof the input. For example, the set of instructions in the softwareapplication is used to blur at least a portion of the first userinterface. In some embodiments, the set of instructions in the softwareapplication is configured to provide a customized animation thatgraphically represents a completion of the input (e.g., the inputreaching the terminal state). For example, the set of instructions inthe software application is used to display a preview window. In someembodiments, the preview window in the customized animation has anon-rectangular shape (e.g., a circle). The use of the customizedanimation allows the device to provide an animation that is notpredefined by application-independent module 220.

In some embodiments, the device, while detecting the input: in responseto detecting that the input satisfies first intensity criteria (e.g.,the first initial state), initiates (1322) the first progress indicatorso that the value of the first progress indicator represents the changesto the intensity of the input (between the first initial state and thefirst terminal state). For example, in FIGS. 7B-7C, first progressindicator 750 is initiated only when the input reaches the intensitythreshold I_(L). This avoids updating and tracking the first progressindicator when the first progress indicator is not needed (e.g., whenthe intensity of the input is below an intensity range represented bythe first progress indicator).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 13A-13B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1400, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1300 described above withrespect to FIGS. 13A-13B. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1300 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150,1200, 1400, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 14A-14C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processingtouch inputs based on intensity criteria specified by third-partyapplications in accordance with some embodiments. Method 1400 isperformed at an electronic device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) with a display, a touch-sensitivesurface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts withthe touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is atouch-screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on or integratedwith the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from thetouch-sensitive surface. Some operations in method 1400 are, optionally,combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1400 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with dynamic thresholds. Method 1400 improves efficiency inprocessing touch inputs. By reducing unnecessary/extraneous/repetitiveinputs, such methods and interfaces provide a more efficienthuman-machine interface, thereby improving overall operational time anduser experience. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve battery power and increase the time between batterycharges.

The device displays (1402), on the display, a user interface of a firstthird-party application that runs within an operating system (e.g., mailapplication user interface 706 in FIG. 7JJ). Capabilities of the deviceare exposed to the first third-party application through an operatingsystem framework of the operating system (e.g., a Touch Event API withinUI Kit). For example, information about available gesture classes isprovided to the first third-party application. The operating systemframework defines a plurality of gesture classes that can be recognizedby the device. A first gesture class is associated with first gesturerecognition criteria for recognizing input detected on thetouch-sensitive surface as a first gesture when the first gesturerecognition criteria are met. The first third-party application hasassociated a first portion of the user interface with the first gesturefrom the first gesture class for a first operation (e.g., an operationperformed when first pinch gesture recognizer (N₁) transitions to theRecognized state). The first third-party application has specified firstintensity criteria for the first gesture associated with the firstportion of the user interface for the first operation. In someembodiments, the first operation is performed when both the firstgesture recognition criteria and the first intensity criteria aresatisfied.

In some embodiments, the first intensity criteria include (1404) anintensity threshold (e.g., the intensity threshold I₁ in FIG. 7JJ). Forexample, the first intensity criteria are (at least partly) satisfiedwhen the intensity of the input reaches the intensity threshold.

In some embodiments, the intensity threshold is selected (1406) from aset of predefined thresholds (e.g., the intensity threshold is selectedfrom a set of predefined thresholds, such as the hint/reveal threshold,the peek/preview threshold, and the pop/commit threshold, or theircorresponding intensity values, such as 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g).

In some embodiments, the intensity threshold is selected (1408) from arange of values detectable by the device (e.g., in some embodiments, theintensity threshold can be any value between 1 g and 500 g, such as 1 g,10 g, 100 g, 450 g, etc.).

In some embodiments, the first intensity criteria include a rate ofchange of intensity over time, intensity of multiple contacts, a timeduration of the input, a distance traveled by the input across thetouch-sensitive surface, a number of contacts in the input, a directionof movement of the input, a relative timing of touchdown of contacts inthe input, a motion of contacts in the input, etc. In some embodiments,the first intensity criteria includes a dynamic intensity threshold(e.g., as described in greater detail below with reference to methods1500 and 1600).

While displaying the user interface of the first third-party applicationon the display, the device detects (1410) an input on thetouch-sensitive surface at a location that corresponds to the firstportion of the user interface of the first third-party application(e.g., a depinch gesture represented by focus selectors 715 and 717 inFIG. 7JJ).

In response to detecting the input: the device, in accordance with adetermination that the input meets the first gesture recognitioncriteria and that the input meets the first intensity criteria specifiedby the first third-party application, perform (1412) the first operationassociated with the first portion of the user interface of the firstthird-party application (e.g., in FIG. 7JJ-7KK, mail application userinterface 706 is replaced with mail application user interface 724 whenthe depinch gesture represented by focus selectors 715 and 717 satisfiesthe intensity threshold I₁); and, in accordance with a determinationthat the input meets the first gesture recognition criteria but does notmeet the first intensity criteria specified by the first third-partyapplication, forgoes (1414) performance of the first operationassociated with the first portion of the user interface of the firstthird-party application (e.g., in FIG. 7LL, mail application userinterface 706 is not replaced with mail application user interface 724when the depinch gesture represented by focus selectors 715 and 717 doesnot satisfy the intensity threshold I₁, but optionally, a zoom-inoperation associated with a non-intensity based depinch gesture isperformed in response to the depinch gesture represented by focusselectors 715 and 717).

In some embodiments, the first third-party application has associated(1416, FIG. 14B) the first portion of the user interface with the firstgesture from the first gesture class for a second operation (e.g., anon-intensity based pinch gesture recognizer is associated withzoom-in/zoom-out operations). The first third-party application has notspecified the first intensity criteria for the first gesture associatedwith the first portion of the user interface for the second operation.In some embodiments, the first third-party application has not specifiedany intensity criteria for the first gesture associated with the firstportion of the user interface for the second operation. In response todetecting the input, the device, in accordance with a determination thatthe input meets the first gesture recognition criteria but does not meetthe first intensity criteria specified by the first third-partyapplication, performs the second operation associated with the firstportion of the user interface of the first third-party application(e.g., in FIG. 7LL, when the depinch gesture represented by focusselectors 715 and 717 does not satisfy the intensity threshold I₁, mailapplication user interface 706 is zoomed in); and, in accordance with adetermination that the input meets the first gesture recognitioncriteria and that the input meets the first intensity criteria specifiedby the first third-party application, forgoes performance of the secondoperation associated with the first portion of the user interface of thefirst third-party application (e.g., in FIG. 7KK, when the depinchgesture represented by focus selectors 715 and 717 satisfies theintensity threshold I₁, mail application user interface 724 is notzoomed in).

In some embodiments, a second gesture class is associated (1418) withsecond gesture recognition criteria for recognizing input detected onthe touch-sensitive surface as a second gesture when the second gesturerecognition criteria are met. The first third-party application hasassociated the first portion of the user interface with the secondgesture from the second gesture class for a third operation (e.g., inFIG. 7MM, the two-finger pan gesture recognizer (2S) is associated withthe first portion of mail application user interface 706). The firstthird-party application has specified second intensity criteria (e.g.,intensity threshold I₂ in FIG. 7MM) for the second gesture associatedwith the first portion of the user interface for the third operation. Inresponse to detecting the input, the device, in accordance with adetermination that the input meets the second gesture recognitioncriteria and that the input meets the second intensity criteriaspecified by the first third-party application, performs the thirdoperation associated with the first portion of the user interface of thefirst third-party application (e.g., displaying review window 726showing a review of the linked website on mail application userinterface 706 as shown in FIG. 7NN); and, in accordance with adetermination that the input meets the second gesture recognitioncriteria but does not meet the second intensity criteria specified bythe first third-party application, forgoes performance of the thirdoperation associated with the first portion of the user interface of thefirst third-party application (e.g., when the input does not meet theintensity threshold I₂, review window 726 is not displayed).

In some embodiments, the device displays (1420, FIG. 14C), on thedisplay, a user interface of a second third-party application that runswithin the operating system and is different from the first third-partyapplication (e.g., browser module 147 in FIG. 1A). The secondthird-party application has associated a second portion of the userinterface of the second third-party application with the first gesturefrom the first gesture class for a first operation (e.g., the addresswindow of browser application user interface 710 is associated with thethird pinch gesture recognizer (N₃) for replacing browser applicationuser interface 710 with tabs management view 728 shown in FIG. 7PP). Thesecond third-party application has specified third intensity criteria(e.g., the intensity threshold I₃ in FIG. 7PP) for the first gestureassociated with the second portion of the user interface for the firstoperation. The third intensity criteria are different from the firstintensity criteria (and, optionally, the third intensity criteria aredifferent from the second intensity criteria). While displaying the userinterface of the second third-party application on the display, thedevice detects an input on the touch-sensitive surface at a locationthat corresponds to the second portion of the user interface of thesecond third-party application (e.g., a depinch gesture represented byfocus selectors 723 and 725 is detected on the address window of browserapplication user interface 710 in FIG. 7OO). In response to detectingthe input a location that corresponds to the second portion of the userinterface of the second third-party application, the device, inaccordance with a determination that the input at the location thatcorresponds to the second portion of the user interface of the secondthird-party application meets the first gesture recognition criteria andthat the input meets the third intensity criteria specified by thesecond third-party application, performs the first operation associatedwith the second portion of the user interface of the second third-partyapplication (e.g., browser application user interface 710 is replacedwith tabs management view 728 as shown in FIG. 7PP); and, in accordancewith a determination that the input at the location that corresponds tothe portion of the user interface of the second third-party applicationmeets the first gesture recognition criteria but does not meet the thirdintensity criteria specified by the second third-party application,forgoes performance of the first operation associated with the secondportion of the user interface of the second third-party application. Forexample, when the intensity of the depinch gesture represented by focusselectors 723 and 725 is below the intensity threshold I₃, no action isperformed as shown in FIG. 7QQ (e.g., tabs management view 728 shown inFIG. 7PP is not displayed).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 14A-14B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1300, 1500, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1400 described above withrespect to FIGS. 14A-14B. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1400 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150,1200, 1300, 1500, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 15A-15B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of processingtouch inputs based on dynamic thresholds in accordance with someembodiments. Method 1500 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) witha display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface.Some operations in method 1500 are, optionally, combined and/or theorder of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1500 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with dynamic thresholds. Method 1500 improves efficiency inprocessing touch inputs. By reducing unnecessary/extraneous/repetitiveinputs, such methods and interfaces provide a more efficienthuman-machine interface, thereby improving overall operational time anduser experience. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve battery power and increase the time between batterycharges.

The device displays (1502), on the display, a user interface (e.g., mailapplication user interface 706 in FIG. 7RR).

While displaying the user interface, the device detects (1504) an inputon the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the input corresponding to focusselector 727 in FIG. 7RR).

In response to detecting the input while displaying the first userinterface, and while detecting the input, the device, in accordance witha determination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, performs (1506) a first operation (e.g.,visually distinguishing user interface object 708 as shown in FIG. 7SS).The first timing criteria require that the input remain on thetouch-sensitive surface while a first time period elapses (e.g., througha time period p1 ending at time 7124, as shown in FIG. 7SS). The firstintensity input criteria require that the input satisfy a firstintensity threshold (e.g., the intensity threshold I_(L) as shown inFIG. 7SS) at an end of or subsequent to the first time period (e.g., ata time subsequent to or at an end of the first time period).

In some embodiments, the first time period starts (1508) in response todetecting the input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., in FIG. 7SS,the time period p1 starts from the initial detection of focus selector727).

In some embodiments, while detecting the input, the device, inaccordance with a determination that intensity of the input hasdecreased below a reference intensity threshold, restarts (1510) thefirst time period (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7UU, when the intensity of theinput decreases below the reference intensity threshold I_(R), the firsttime period restarts from time 7146 when the intensity of the input hasfallen below the reference intensity threshold I_(R)). In someembodiments, the reference intensity threshold is determined based on amaximum intensity detected during a predefined detection time period andan intensity reduction margin (e.g., a fixed margin such as 10 g, 20 g,30 g, or 40 g, or a dynamic margin such as 5%, 10%, 20%, or 30% of themaximum intensity of the contact), such as I_(margin) in FIG. 7UU. Insome embodiments, reference intensity threshold is determined based onthe maximum intensity detected since the time period started (e.g.,since moment the input was detected or since the last time the timeperiod restarted) and the intensity reduction margin. For example, thereference intensity threshold corresponds to the maximum detectedintensity minus the intensity reduction margin (e.g., I_(margin) in FIG.7UU). In some embodiments, the reference intensity threshold continuesto be updated while the input is detected (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7VV,the reference intensity threshold is updated based on changes to theintensity of the input).

In some embodiments, while detecting the input, the device, inaccordance with the determination that the intensity of the input hasdecreased below the reference intensity threshold, resets (1512) thereference intensity threshold (e.g., in FIG. 7VV, when the intensity ofthe input decreases below a first reference intensity I_(R1), thereference intensity is reset to a second reference intensity I_(R2)). Insome embodiments, the reference intensity threshold is changed based onthe intensity of the input detected when the reference intensitythreshold is reset (e.g., the second reference intensity I_(R2) isdetermined based on the intensity of the input when the referenceintensity threshold is reset, which is I_(R1)). For example, thereference intensity threshold is reset to the intensity of the input,detected when (or immediately before) the reference intensity thresholdis reset, minus the intensity reduction margin (e.g., in FIG. 7VV, thesecond reference intensity I_(R2) is the first reference intensityI_(R1) minus the intensity margin I_(margin)).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the input while displayingthe first user interface, in accordance with a determination that theinput does not satisfy the first timing criteria and/or the firstintensity input criteria, the device forgoes (1514) the first operation(e.g., when the input follows intensity pattern 7130 or intensitypattern 7132 in FIG. 7RR, the first operation, such as visuallydistinguishing user interface object 708 as shown in FIG. 7SS, is notperformed).

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the input while displayingthe first user interface, the device, in accordance with a determinationthat the input satisfies second timing criteria and second intensityinput criteria, performs (1516, FIG. 15B) a second operation that isdistinct from the first operation (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7TT, when theinput satisfies the second timing criteria based on the time period p2ending at time 7136 and the second intensity input criteria based on theintensity threshold I_(M), preview area 712 is displayed). The secondtiming criteria require that the input remain on the touch-sensitivesurface while a second time period elapses. In some embodiments, thesecond time period is identical to the first time period. In someembodiments, the second time period is distinct from the first timeperiod. The second intensity input criteria require that the inputsatisfy a second intensity threshold, that is distinct from the firstintensity threshold (e.g., the second intensity threshold is higher thanthe first intensity threshold), at an end of or subsequent to the secondtime period (e.g., at a time subsequent to or at an end of the secondtime period).

In some embodiments, the device, in response to detecting the input andin accordance with the determination that the input satisfies the firsttiming criteria and the first input criteria, performs (1518) the firstoperation including processing the input with a first gesture recognizer(e.g., the reveal gesture recognizer (R) described above with respect toFIGS. 7A-7CC); and, in response to detecting the input and in accordancewith a determination that the input satisfies the second timing criteriaand the second intensity input criteria, performs the second operationincluding processing the input with a second gesture recognizer (e.g.,the preview gesture recognizer (P) described above with respect to FIGS.7A-7CC). In some embodiments, processing the input with the secondgesture recognizer includes placing the first gesture recognizer in afailed state.

In some embodiments, processing the input with the first gesturerecognizer initiates placing a tap gesture recognizer in a cancelledstate. In some embodiments, processing the input with a tap gesturerecognizer initiates placing the first gesture recognizer in a cancelledstate. In some embodiments, processing the input with a long pressgesture recognizer initiates placing the first gesture recognizer in acancelled state.

In some embodiments, the device detects (1520) an end of the input(e.g., detecting liftoff of a contact that corresponds to the input fromthe touch-sensitive surface); and, in response to detecting the end ofthe input, in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesthird timing criteria distinct from the first timing criteria (and fromthe second timing criteria), performs a third operation that is distinctfrom the first operation (and from the second operation). For example,if the device detects a quick tap input (e.g., an input following inputpattern 7132 in FIG. 7RR) even if that tap input satisfies the firstintensity threshold, the device performs an operation that is associatedwith (e.g., mapped to or assigned to) the tap input (e.g., displayingbrowser application user interface 710 shown in FIG. 7B) rather thanperforming an operation that is associated with (e.g., mapped to orassigned to) the first intensity threshold.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the end of the input, inaccordance with a determination that the input does not satisfy thethird timing criteria or the first timing criteria, the device forgoes(1522) performance of any operation. For example, if the device detectsa long contact that is longer than the third timing criteria andsatisfies the first intensity threshold but does not satisfy the firsttiming criteria (e.g., an input following input pattern 7131 in FIG.7RR), the device does not perform either the operation that isassociated with (e.g., mapped to or assigned to) the tap input or theoperation that is associated with (e.g., mapped to or assigned to) thefirst intensity threshold.

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 15A-15B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1600) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1500 described above withrespect to FIGS. 15A-15B. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1500 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150,1200, 1300, 1400, and 1600). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

FIGS. 16A-16B are flow diagrams illustrating method 1600 of processingtouch inputs based on dynamic thresholds in accordance with someembodiments. Method 1600 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device 300, FIG. 3, or portable multifunction device 100, FIG. 1A) witha display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detectintensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. In someembodiments, the display is a touch-screen display and thetouch-sensitive surface is on or integrated with the display. In someembodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface.Some operations in method 1600 are, optionally, combined and/or theorder of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 1600 provides an enhanced way to processtouch inputs with dynamic thresholds. Method 1600 improves efficiency inprocessing touch inputs. By reducing unnecessary/extraneous/repetitiveinputs, such methods and interfaces provide a more efficienthuman-machine interface, thereby improving overall operational time anduser experience. For battery-operated devices, such methods andinterfaces conserve battery power and increase the time between batterycharges.

The device displays (1602), on the display, a user interface (e.g., mailapplication user interface 706 in FIG. 7WW).

While displaying the user interface, the device detects (1604) an inputon the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., the input corresponding to focusselector 729 in FIG. 7WW).

In response to detecting the input while displaying the first userinterface, and while detecting the input, in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies an activation intensitythreshold, the device performs (1606) a first operation (e.g., when theintensity of input 7156 exceeds first intensity threshold component7154, mail application user interface 706 is replaced with browserapplication user interface 710). The activation intensity thresholdincludes a first intensity threshold component (e.g., first intensitythreshold component 7154 in FIG. 7WW) that decreases from a firstintensity value (e.g., the initial intensity threshold I_(H)) over time.

In some embodiments, the activation intensity threshold includes (1608)a second intensity threshold component (e.g., second intensity thresholdcomponent 7168 in FIG. 7YY) that follows intensity of the input with adelay. In some embodiments, the second intensity threshold component isobtained by applying a low pass filter on the intensity of the input.

In some embodiments, the activation intensity threshold is (1610) a sumof the first intensity threshold component and the second intensitythreshold component (e.g., in FIG. 7YY, activation intensity threshold7170 is a sum of first intensity threshold component 7154 and secondintensity threshold component 7168). In some embodiments, the activationintensity threshold is set in a way such that it is no less than aminimum activation intensity threshold (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7BBB,activation intensity threshold 7180 is no less than baseline threshold7182).

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold component decreases(1612) after a predefined time interval from a moment the input isdetected (e.g., in FIG. 7WW, first intensity threshold component 7154decreases after the predefined time interval p3, which begins when theinput is initially detected).

In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the firstintensity threshold component is not below a reference intensitythreshold, the first intensity threshold component follows (1614) adecay curve that decreases after a predefined time interval (e.g., froma moment the input is detected as shown in FIG. 7WW or from a moment thepeak operation has been performed), and, in accordance with adetermination that the first intensity threshold component is below thereference intensity threshold, the first intensity threshold componentfollows a decay curve that decreases starting at a time determinedwithout reference to the predefined time interval (e.g., as shown inFIG. 7XX, first intensity threshold component 7164 starts to decay whenthe intensity of the input falls below the reference intensity thresholdI_(R)). In some embodiments, the reference intensity threshold isdetermined based on a maximum intensity detected during a predefineddetection time period and an intensity reduction margin. In someembodiments, reference intensity threshold is determined based on themaximum intensity detected since the moment the input is detected andthe intensity reduction margin. For example, the reference intensitythreshold corresponds to the maximum detected intensity minus theintensity reduction margin. In some embodiments, the reference intensitythreshold continues to be updated while the input is detected.

In some embodiments, in response to detecting the input while displayingthe first user interface, and while detecting the input, in accordancewith a determination that the input satisfies first timing criteria andfirst intensity input criteria, the device performs (1616, FIG. 16B) asecond operation (e.g., a peek/preview operation). For example, as shownin FIG. 7ZZ, when input 7172 satisfies the first timing criteria and thefirst intensity input criteria at time 7124, the second operation (e.g.,displaying preview area 712 as shown in FIG. 7G) is performed, beforeperforming the first operation (e.g., replacing mail application userinterface 706 with browser application user interface 710 as shown inFIGS. 7G-7I). The first timing criteria require that the input remain onthe touch-sensitive surface while a first time period elapses. The firstintensity input criteria require that the input satisfy a firstintensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to the first time period(e.g., at a time subsequent to or at an end of the first time period).

In some embodiments, the first intensity threshold component follows(1618) a decay curve that decreases after a predefined time intervalfrom a moment the input satisfies the first timing criteria and thefirst intensity input criteria. For example, as shown in FIG. 7ZZ, thedecay of the first intensity threshold component in activation intensitythreshold 7174 starts at time 7176, which corresponds to the predefinedtime interval p3 after time 7124 when the input satisfies the firsttiming criteria and the first intensity input criteria.

In some embodiments, the input is (1620) a continuous gesture thatincludes a first increase in intensity and a second increase inintensity that is subsequent to the first increase in intensity and adecrease in intensity between the first increase in intensity and thesecond increase in intensity (e.g., in FIG. 7AAA, input 7178 includes afirst increase in intensity from below I_(L) to above I_(M), followed bya decrease in intensity from above I_(M) to below I_(L), followed by asecond increase in intensity from below I_(L) to above I_(L) (and aboveI_(M)) without releasing input 7178), while the input remains in contactwith the touch-sensitive surface between the first increase in intensityand the second increase in intensity. The device, in response todetecting the first increase in intensity of the input, performs thesecond operation (e.g., input 7178 satisfies the first timing criteriaand the first intensity input criteria at time 7124, and initiates thesecond operation, such as displaying preview area 712 as shown in FIG.7G); and, in response to detecting the second increase in intensity ofthe input, performs the first operation (e.g., input 7178 satisfiesactivation intensity threshold 7180 at time 7179, and initiates thefirst operation, such as replacing mail application user interface 706with browser application user interface 710 as shown in FIGS. 7G-7I).

It should be understood that the particular order in which theoperations in FIGS. 16A-16B have been described is merely exemplary andis not intended to indicate that the described order is the only orderin which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in theart would recognize various ways to reorder the operations describedherein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processesdescribed herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g.,methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500) are alsoapplicable in an analogous manner to method 1600 described above withrespect to FIGS. 16A-16B. For example, the touch inputs, user interfaceobjects, intensity thresholds, and animations described above withreference to method 1600 optionally have one or more of thecharacteristics of the touch inputs, user interface objects, intensitythresholds, and animations described herein with reference to othermethods described herein (e.g., methods 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1150,1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500). For brevity, these details are not repeatedhere.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 17 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 1700 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 1700 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 17 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 17, electronic device 1700 includes display unit 1702configured to display one or more user interfaces; touch-sensitivesurface unit 1704 configured to receive user inputs; one or more sensorunits 1706 configured to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface unit 1704; and processing unit 1708 coupled todisplay unit 1702, touch-sensitive surface unit 1704 and one or moresensor units 1706. In some embodiments, processing unit 1708 includesdisplay enabling unit 1710, input evaluation unit 1712, gesturerecognizer unit 1714, and operations performing unit 1716.

In some embodiments, electronic device 1700 is configured to distinguishbetween a long press gesture and a deep press input and to performdistinct operations in response to the long press gesture and the deeppress input. In such embodiments, processing unit 1708 is configured toenable display of a first user interface, and processing unit 1708 isfurther configured to detect an input on the touch-sensitive surfaceunit (e.g., with input evaluation unit 1712) while enabling display ofthe first user interface (e.g., with display enabling unit 1710), and inresponse to detecting the input while enabling display of the first userinterface, perform a first operation (e.g., with operation performingunit 1716) in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesintensity input criteria including that the input satisfies a firstintensity threshold during a first predefined time period, and perform asecond operation (e.g., with operation performing unit 1716) inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies long presscriteria including that the input remains below the first intensitythreshold during the first predefined time period. In someimplementations of these embodiments, the first user interface is theuser interface of a first software application, the first user interfaceincludes a plurality of user interface objects, including a first userinterface object associated with an application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations (e.g., with displayenabling unit 1710 and/or operation performing unit 1716). In someembodiments, electronic device 1700 is configured to perform any of themethods described above with reference to FIGS. 8A-8E.

In some embodiments, electronic device 1700 is configured to distinguishbetween a pan gesture and a deep press input and to perform distinctoperations in response to the pan gesture and the deep press input. Insuch embodiments, processing unit 1708 is configured to enable displayof a first user interface, and processing unit 1708 is furtherconfigured to detect an input on the touch-sensitive surface unit (e.g.,with input evaluation unit 1712) while enabling display of the firstuser interface (e.g., with display enabling unit 1710), in response todetecting the input while enabling display of the first user interface,perform a first operation (e.g., with operation performing unit 1716) inaccordance with a determination that the input satisfies intensity inputcriteria including that the input satisfies a first intensity threshold,and perform a second operation (e.g., with operation performing unit1716) in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies pancriteria including that the input has moved across the touch-sensitivesurface by at least a predefined distance. In some implementations ofthese embodiments, the first user interface is the user interface of afirst software application, the first user interface includes aplurality of user interface objects, including a first user interfaceobject associated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., with display enabling unit1710 and/or operation performing unit 1716). In some embodiments,electronic device 1700 is configured to perform any of the methodsdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 9A-9D.

In some embodiments, electronic device 1700 is configured to distinguishbetween a tap gesture input and a deep press input and to performdistinct operations in response to the tap gesture and the deep pressinput. In such embodiments, processing unit 1708 is configured to enabledisplay of a first user interface, and processing unit 1708 is furtherconfigured to detect an input on the touch-sensitive surface unit (e.g.,with input evaluation unit 1712) while enabling display of the firstuser interface (e.g., with display enabling unit 1710), and in responseto detecting the input while enabling display of the first userinterface, perform a first operation (e.g., with operation performingunit 1716) in accordance with a determination that the input satisfiesintensity input criteria including that the input satisfies a firstintensity threshold and the input remains on the touch-sensitive surfacefor a first predefined time period, and perform a second operation(e.g., with operation performing unit 1716) in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies long press criteria includingthat the input ceases to remain on the touch-sensitive surface duringthe first predefined time period. In some implementations of theseembodiments, the first user interface is the user interface of a firstsoftware application, the first user interface includes a plurality ofuser interface objects, including a first user interface objectassociated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., with display enabling unit1710 and/or operation performing unit 1716). In some embodiments,electronic device 1700 is configured to perform any of the methodsdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 10A-10D.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 18 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 1800 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 1800 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 18 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 18, electronic device 1800 includes display unit 1802configured to display one or more user interfaces; touch-sensitivesurface unit 1804 configured to receive user inputs; one or more sensorunits 1806 configured to detect intensity of contacts with thetouch-sensitive surface unit 1804; and processing unit 1808 coupled todisplay unit 1802, touch-sensitive surface unit 1804 and one or moresensor units 1806. In some embodiments, processing unit 1808 includesdisplay enabling unit 1810, detecting unit 1812, and preview operationsunit 1814.

In some embodiments, processing unit 1808 is configured to: enabledisplay of a first user interface of a first software application, thefirst user interface including a plurality of user interface objects, afirst user interface object of the plurality of user interface objectsbeing associated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., with display enabling unit1810); detect a first portion of an input by a contact (e.g., withdetecting unit 1812) while a focus selector is over the first userinterface object, in the plurality of user interface objects, on displayunit 1802; and in response to detecting the first portion of the inputand in accordance with a determination that the first portion of theinput satisfies reveal criteria including that the input satisfies afirst intensity threshold, execute the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations (e.g., with previewoperations unit 1814), including providing preview content to theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions. The previewoperations performed by executing the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions include: visually distinguishing the first userinterface object in the first user interface; and, subsequent toinitiation of the visual distinction of the first user interface objectin the first user interface: receiving a second portion of the inputthat is subsequent to the first portion of the input; and, in accordancewith a determination that the second portion of the input satisfiespreview criteria including that the input satisfies a second intensitythreshold, enabling display of a preview area overlaid on the first userinterface. The preview area includes the preview content.

In some embodiments, processing unit 1808 is configured to: enabledisplay of a first user interface of a first software application, thefirst user interface including a plurality of user interface objects, afirst user interface object of the plurality of user interface objectsbeing associated with an application-independent set of predefinedinstructions for preview operations (e.g., with display enabling unit1810); detect a first portion of an input by a contact (e.g., withdetecting unit 1812) while a focus selector is over the first userinterface object, in the plurality of user interface objects, on displayunit 1802; and in response to detecting the first portion of the inputand in accordance with a determination that the first portion of theinput meets preview criteria, execute the application-independent set ofpredefined instructions for preview operations (e.g., with previewoperations unit 1814). The preview operations performed by executing theapplication-independent set of predefined instructions include: enablingdisplay of a preview area overlaid on the first user interface; afterdetecting the first portion of the input, detecting a second portion ofthe input; and, in response to detecting the second portion of the inputby the contact, in accordance with a determination that the secondportion of the input meets user-interface-replacement criteria,replacing display of the first user interface with a second userinterface that is distinct from the first user interface.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 19 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 1900 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 1900 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 19 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 19, electronic device 1900 includes display unit 1902configured to display a user interface; touch-sensitive surface unit1904 configured to receive user inputs; one or more sensor units 1906configured to detect intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surfaceunit 1904; and processing unit 1908 coupled to display unit 1902,touch-sensitive surface unit 1904 and one or more sensor units 1906. Insome embodiments, processing unit 1908 includes display enabling unit1910, detecting unit 1912, sending unit 1914, receiving unit 1916, andadjusting unit 1918.

Processing unit 1908 is configured to: enable display, on display unit1902, of a user interface of a software application (e.g., with displayenabling unit 1910); while enabling display of the user interface of thesoftware application on display unit 1902, detect an input (e.g., withdetecting unit 1912) on touch-sensitive surface unit 1904 at a locationthat corresponds to the user interface of the software application; and,in response to detecting the input, send from an application-independentset of instructions to the software application intensity information(e.g., with sending unit 1914) that corresponds to the input. Theintensity information includes: a reference intensity assigned to theone or more sensors; and a characteristic intensity that corresponds toa detected intensity of the input.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 20 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 2000 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 2000 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 20 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 20, electronic device 2000 includes display unit 2002configured to display a user interface; touch-sensitive surface unit2004 configured to receive user inputs; one or more sensor units 2006configured to detect intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surfaceunit 2004; and processing unit 2008 coupled to display unit 2002,touch-sensitive surface unit 2004 and one or more sensor units 2006. Insome embodiments, processing unit 2008 includes display enabling unit2010, detecting unit 2012, providing unit 2014, updating unit 2016, andinitiating unit 2018.

Processing unit 2008 is configured to: enable display, on display unit2002, of a first user interface of a software application (e.g., withdisplay enabling unit 2010); while enabling display of the first userinterface of the software application, detect an input ontouch-sensitive surface unit 2004 (e.g., with detecting unit 2012); and,while detecting the input: in response to detecting changes to intensityof the input, provide from an application-independent set ofinstructions to the software application a value of a first progressindicator (e.g., with providing unit 2014) that represents the changesto the intensity of the input; and update the first user interface(e.g., with updating unit 2016) in accordance with a set of instructionsin the software application that is different from theapplication-independent set of instructions and the value of the firstprogress indicator.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 21 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 2100 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 2100 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 21 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 21, electronic device 2100 includes display unit 2102configured to display user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit 2104configured to detect contacts, one or more sensor units 2106 configuredto detect intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface unit 2104;and processing unit 2108 coupled with display unit 2102, touch-sensitivesurface unit 2104 and one or more sensor units 2106. In someembodiments, processing unit 2108 includes: display enabling unit 2110,detecting unit 2112, first operation unit 2114, time period restartingunit 2116, reference intensity resetting unit 2118, forgoing unit 2120,second operation unit 2122, and third operation unit 2124.

Processing unit 2108 is configured to enable display, on display unit2102, of a user interface of a first third-party application that runswithin an operating system (e.g., using display enabling unit 2110).Capabilities of the device are exposed to the first third-partyapplication through an operating system framework of the operatingsystem. The operating system framework defines a plurality of gestureclasses that can be recognized by the device. A first gesture class isassociated with first gesture recognition criteria for recognizing inputdetected on touch-sensitive surface unit 2104 as a first gesture whenthe first gesture recognition criteria are met. The first third-partyapplication has associated a first portion of the user interface withthe first gesture from the first gesture class for a first operation.The first third-party application has specified first intensity criteriafor the first gesture associated with the first portion of the userinterface for the first operation. Processing unit 2108 is configuredto, while enabling display of the user interface of the firstthird-party application on display unit 2102, detect an input ontouch-sensitive surface unit 2104 at a location that corresponds to thefirst portion of the user interface of the first third-party application(e.g., using detecting unit 2112); and, in response to detecting theinput: in accordance with a determination that the input meets the firstgesture recognition criteria and that the input meets the firstintensity criteria specified by the first third-party application,perform the first operation associated with the first portion of theuser interface of the first third-party application (e.g., using firstoperation unit 2114); and, in accordance with a determination that theinput meets the first gesture recognition criteria but does not meet thefirst intensity criteria specified by the first third-party application,forgo performance of the first operation associated with the firstportion of the user interface of the first third-party application(e.g., using forgoing unit 2116).

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 22 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 2200 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 2200 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 22 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 22, electronic device 2200 includes display unit 2202configured to display user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit 2204configured to detect contacts, one or more sensor units 2206 configuredto detect intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface unit 2204;and processing unit 2208 coupled with display unit 2202, touch-sensitivesurface unit 2204 and one or more sensor units 2206. In someembodiments, processing unit 2208 includes: display enabling unit 2210,detecting unit 2212, first operation unit 2214, time period restartingunit 2216, reference intensity resetting unit 2218, forgoing unit 2220,second operation unit 2222, and third operation unit 2224.

Processing unit 2208 is configured to: enable display, on display unit2202, a user interface (e.g., using display enabling unit 2210); whileenabling display of the user interface, detect an input ontouch-sensitive surface unit 2204 (e.g., using detecting unit 2212);and, in response to detecting the input while enabling display of thefirst user interface, and while detecting the input: in accordance witha determination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, perform a first operation (e.g., using firstoperation unit 2214). The first timing criteria require that the inputremain on touch-sensitive surface unit 2204 while a first time periodelapses. The first intensity input criteria require that the inputsatisfy a first intensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to thefirst time period.

In accordance with some embodiments, FIG. 23 shows a functional blockdiagram of electronic device 2300 configured in accordance with theprinciples of the various described embodiments. The functional blocksof device 2300 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software,firmware, or a combination thereof to carry out the principles of thevarious described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill inthe art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 23 are, optionally,combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of thevarious described embodiments. Therefore, the description hereinoptionally supports any possible combination or separation or furtherdefinition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 23, electronic device 2300 includes display unit 2302configured to display user interfaces, touch-sensitive surface unit 2304configured to detect contacts, one or more sensor units 2306 configuredto detect intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface unit 2304;and processing unit 2308 coupled with display unit 2302, touch-sensitivesurface unit 2304 and one or more sensor units 2306. In someembodiments, processing unit 2308 includes: display enabling unit 2310,detecting unit 2312, first operation unit 2314, and second operationunit 2316.

Processing unit 2308 is configured to: enable display, on display unit2302, of a user interface (e.g., using display enabling unit 2310);while enabling display of the user interface, detect an input ontouch-sensitive surface unit 2304 (e.g., using detecting unit 2312);and, in response to detecting the input while enabling display of thefirst user interface, and while detecting the input: in accordance witha determination that the input satisfies an activation intensitythreshold, perform a first operation (e.g., using first operation unit2314). The activation intensity threshold includes a first intensitythreshold component that decreases from a first intensity value overtime.

The operations in the information processing methods described aboveare, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules ininformation processing apparatus such as general purpose processors(e.g., as described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and 3) or applicationspecific chips.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 8A-8E, 9A-9D,10A-10D, 11A-11D, 12A-12B, 13A-13B, 14A-14C, 15A-15B, and 16A-16B are,optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. Forexample, intensity detection operation 804, first operation 810, andsecond operation 812 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170,event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. In another example, inputdetection operation 1410, first operation performance operation 1412,and second operation performance operation 1414 are, optionally,implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact ontouch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174 deliversthe event information to application 136-1. A respective eventrecognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions 186, and determines whether a first contactat a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotationof the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such asselection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the devicefrom one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event orsub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Eventhandler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object updater177 to update the application internal state 192. In some embodiments,event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update whatis displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to aperson having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can beimplemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has beendescribed with reference to specific embodiments. However, theillustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or tolimit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modificationsand variations are possible in view of the above teachings. Theembodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and its practical applications, to therebyenable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and variousdescribed embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: at an electronic devicewith a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors todetect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface:displaying, on the display, a user interface; while displaying the userinterface, detecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and, inresponse to detecting the input while displaying the user interface, andwhile the input is continuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface:in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies anactivation intensity threshold, performing a first operation, wherein:the activation intensity threshold includes a first intensity thresholdcomponent that decreases from a first intensity value over time, whereinthe decrease in the first intensity threshold component changesgradually over time based on an amount of time that the input has beencontinuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface; wherein theactivation intensity threshold includes a second intensity thresholdcomponent that follows intensity of the input with a delay, the secondintensity threshold component being concurrent with but distinct fromthe first intensity threshold component.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein the activation intensity threshold is a sum of the firstintensity threshold component and the second intensity thresholdcomponent.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first intensitythreshold component decreases beginning after a predefined time intervalfrom initial detection of the input.
 4. The method of claim 1,including: in response to detecting the input while displaying the userinterface, and while detecting the input: in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, performing a second operation distinct fromthe first operation, wherein: the first timing criteria require that theinput remain on the touch-sensitive surface while a first time periodelapses; and the first intensity input criteria require that the inputsatisfy a first intensity threshold distinct from the activationintensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to the first time period.5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the first intensity thresholdcomponent follows a decay curve that decreases after a predefined timeinterval from a moment the input satisfies the first timing criteria andthe first intensity input criteria.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:the input is a continuous gesture that includes a first increase inintensity and a second increase in intensity that is subsequent to thefirst increase in intensity and a decrease in intensity between thefirst increase in intensity and the second increase in intensity, whilethe input remains in contact with the touch-sensitive surface betweenthe first increase in intensity and the second increase in intensity;and the method includes: in response to detecting the first increase inintensity of the input, performing the second operation; and, inresponse to detecting the second increase in intensity of the input,performing the first operation.
 7. A method, comprising: at anelectronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one ormore sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface: displaying, on the display, a user interface; while displayingthe user interface, detecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface;and in response to detecting the input while displaying the userinterface, and while the input is continuously detected on thetouch-sensitive surface: in accordance with a determination that theinput satisfies an activation intensity threshold, performing a firstoperation, wherein: the activation intensity threshold includes a firstintensity threshold component that decreases from a first intensityvalue over time, wherein the decrease in the first intensity thresholdcomponent changes gradually over time based on an amount of time thatthe input has been continuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface;wherein: in accordance with a determination that an intensity of theinput is not below a reference intensity threshold, the first intensitythreshold component follows a decay curve that decreases after apredefined time interval from initial detection of the input; and inaccordance with a determination that the intensity of the input is belowthe reference intensity threshold, the first intensity thresholdcomponent follows a decay curve that decreases starting at a timedetermined without reference to the predefined time interval.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, wherein: the activation intensity threshold includesa second intensity threshold component that follows intensity of theinput with a delay, the second intensity threshold component beingconcurrent with but distinct from the first intensity thresholdcomponent.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the activation intensitythreshold is a sum of the first intensity threshold component and thesecond intensity threshold component.
 10. The method of claim 7,including: in response to detecting the input while displaying the userinterface, and while detecting the input: in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, performing a second operation distinct fromthe first operation, wherein: the first timing criteria require that theinput remain on the touch-sensitive surface while a first time periodelapses; and the first intensity input criteria require that the inputsatisfy a first intensity threshold distinct from the activationintensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to the first time period.11. The method of claim 10, wherein: the input is a continuous gesturethat includes a first increase in intensity and a second increase inintensity that is subsequent to the first increase in intensity and adecrease in intensity between the first increase in intensity and thesecond increase in intensity, while the input remains in contact withthe touch-sensitive surface between the first increase in intensity andthe second increase in intensity; and the method includes: in responseto detecting the first increase in intensity of the input, performingthe second operation; and, in response to detecting the second increasein intensity of the input, performing the first operation.
 12. Anelectronic device, comprising: a display; a touch-sensitive surface; oneor more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programsfor execution by the one or more processors, the one or more programsincluding instructions for: displaying, on the display, a userinterface; while displaying the user interface, detecting an input onthe touch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the inputwhile displaying the user interface, and while the input is continuouslydetected on the touch-sensitive surface: in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies an activation intensitythreshold, performing a first operation, wherein: the activationintensity threshold includes a first intensity threshold component thatdecreases from a first intensity value over time, wherein the decreasein the first intensity threshold component changes gradually over timebased on an amount of time that the input has been continuously detectedon the touch-sensitive surface; wherein the activation intensitythreshold includes a second intensity threshold component that followsintensity of the input with a delay, the second intensity thresholdcomponent being concurrent with but distinct from the first intensitythreshold component.
 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein theactivation intensity threshold is a sum of the first intensity thresholdcomponent and the second intensity threshold component.
 14. Theelectronic device of claim 12, wherein: the first intensity thresholdcomponent decreases beginning after a predefined time interval frominitial detection of the input.
 15. The electronic device of claim 12,wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: in responseto detecting the input while displaying the user interface, and whiledetecting the input: in accordance with a determination that the inputsatisfies first timing criteria and first intensity input criteria,performing a second operation distinct from the first operation,wherein: the first timing criteria require that the input remain on thetouch-sensitive surface while a first time period elapses; and the firstintensity input criteria require that the input satisfy a firstintensity threshold distinct from the activation intensity threshold atan end of or subsequent to the first time period.
 16. The electronicdevice of claim 15, wherein: the first intensity threshold componentfollows a decay curve that decreases after a predefined time intervalfrom a moment the input satisfies the first timing criteria and thefirst intensity input criteria.
 17. The electronic device of claim 15,wherein: the input is a continuous gesture that includes a firstincrease in intensity and a second increase in intensity that issubsequent to the first increase in intensity and a decrease inintensity between the first increase in intensity and the secondincrease in intensity, while the input remains in contact with thetouch-sensitive surface between the first increase in intensity and thesecond increase in intensity; and the one or more programs includeinstructions for: in response to detecting the first increase inintensity of the input, performing the second operation; and, inresponse to detecting the second increase in intensity of the input,performing the first operation.
 18. A non-transitory computer readablestorage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programscomprising instructions, which, when executed by an electronic devicewith a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors todetect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause thedevice to: display, on the display, a user interface; while displayingthe user interface, detect an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and,in response to detecting the input while displaying the user interface,and while the input is continuously detected on the touch-sensitivesurface: in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies anactivation intensity threshold, perform a first operation, wherein: theactivation intensity threshold includes a first intensity thresholdcomponent that decreases from a first intensity value over time, whereinthe decrease in the first intensity threshold component changesgradually over time based on an amount of time that the input has beencontinuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface; wherein theactivation intensity threshold includes a second intensity thresholdcomponent that follows intensity of the input with a delay, the secondintensity threshold component being concurrent with but distinct fromthe first intensity threshold component.
 19. The non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the activation intensitythreshold is a sum of the first intensity threshold component and thesecond intensity threshold component.
 20. The non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 18, wherein: the first intensitythreshold component decreases beginning after a predefined time intervalfrom initial detection of the input.
 21. The non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the one or more programsinclude instructions, which, when executed by the electronic device,cause the device to: in response to detecting the input while displayingthe user interface, and while detecting the input: in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies first timing criteria and firstintensity input criteria, perform a second operation distinct from thefirst operation, wherein: the first timing criteria require that theinput remain on the touch-sensitive surface while a first time periodelapses; and the first intensity input criteria require that the inputsatisfy a first intensity threshold distinct from the activationintensity threshold at an end of or subsequent to the first time period.22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21,wherein: the first intensity threshold component follows a decay curvethat decreases after a predefined time interval from a moment the inputsatisfies the first timing criteria and the first intensity inputcriteria.
 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium ofclaim 21, wherein: the input is a continuous gesture that includes afirst increase in intensity and a second increase in intensity that issubsequent to the first increase in intensity and a decrease inintensity between the first increase in intensity and the secondincrease in intensity, while the input remains in contact with thetouch-sensitive surface between the first increase in intensity and thesecond increase in intensity; and the one or more programs includeinstructions, which, when executed by the electronic device, cause thedevice to: in response to detecting the first increase in intensity ofthe input, perform the second operation; and, in response to detectingthe second increase in intensity of the input, perform the firstoperation.
 24. An electronic device, comprising: a display; atouch-sensitive surface; one or more sensors to detect intensity ofcontacts with the touch-sensitive surface; one or more processors; andmemory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or moreprocessors, the one or more programs including instructions for:displaying, on the display, a user interface; while displaying the userinterface, detecting an input on the touch-sensitive surface; and inresponse to detecting the input while displaying the user interface, andwhile the input is continuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface:in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies anactivation intensity threshold, performing a first operation, wherein:the activation intensity threshold includes a first intensity thresholdcomponent that decreases from a first intensity value over time, whereinthe decrease in the first intensity threshold component changesgradually over time based on an amount of time that the input has beencontinuously detected on the touch-sensitive surface; wherein: inaccordance with a determination that an intensity of the input is notbelow a reference intensity threshold, the first intensity thresholdcomponent follows a decay curve that decreases after a predefined timeinterval from initial detection of the input; and in accordance with adetermination that the intensity of the input is below the referenceintensity threshold, the first intensity threshold component follows adecay curve that decreases starting at a time determined withoutreference to the predefined time interval.
 25. The electronic device ofclaim 24, wherein: the activation intensity threshold includes a secondintensity threshold component that follows intensity of the input with adelay, the second intensity threshold component being concurrent withbut distinct from the first intensity threshold component.
 26. Theelectronic device of claim 25, wherein the activation intensitythreshold is a sum of the first intensity threshold component and thesecond intensity threshold component.
 27. The electronic device of claim24, wherein the one or more programs include instructions for: inresponse to detecting the input while displaying the user interface, andwhile detecting the input: in accordance with a determination that theinput satisfies first timing criteria and first intensity inputcriteria, performing a second operation distinct from the firstoperation, wherein: the first timing criteria require that the inputremain on the touch-sensitive surface while a first time period elapses;and the first intensity input criteria require that the input satisfy afirst intensity threshold distinct from the activation intensitythreshold at an end of or subsequent to the first time period.
 28. Theelectronic device of claim 27, wherein: the input is a continuousgesture that includes a first increase in intensity and a secondincrease in intensity that is subsequent to the first increase inintensity and a decrease in intensity between the first increase inintensity and the second increase in intensity, while the input remainsin contact with the touch-sensitive surface between the first increasein intensity and the second increase in intensity; and the one or moreprograms include instructions for: in response to detecting the firstincrease in intensity of the input, performing the second operation;and, in response to detecting the second increase in intensity of theinput, performing the first operation.
 29. A non-transitory computerreadable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or moreprograms comprising instructions, which, when executed by an electronicdevice with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or moresensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitivesurface, cause the device to: display, on the display, a user interface;while displaying the user interface, detect an input on thetouch-sensitive surface; and, in response to detecting the input whiledisplaying the user interface, and while the input is continuouslydetected on the touch-sensitive surface: in accordance with adetermination that the input satisfies an activation intensitythreshold, perform a first operation, wherein: the activation intensitythreshold includes a first intensity threshold component that decreasesfrom a first intensity value over time, wherein the decrease in thefirst intensity threshold component changes gradually over time based onan amount of time that the input has been continuously detected on thetouch-sensitive surface; wherein: in accordance with a determinationthat an intensity of the input is not below a reference intensitythreshold, the first intensity threshold component follows a decay curvethat decreases after a predefined time interval from initial detectionof the input; and in accordance with a determination that the intensityof the input is below the reference intensity threshold, the firstintensity threshold component follows a decay curve that decreasesstarting at a time determined without reference to the predefined timeinterval.
 30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium ofclaim 29, wherein: the activation intensity threshold includes a secondintensity threshold component that follows intensity of the input with adelay, the second intensity threshold component being concurrent withbut distinct from the first intensity threshold component.
 31. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 30, wherein theactivation intensity threshold is a sum of the first intensity thresholdcomponent and the second intensity threshold component.
 32. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 29, wherein theone or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by theelectronic device, cause the device to: in response to detecting theinput while displaying the user interface, and while detecting theinput: in accordance with a determination that the input satisfies firsttiming criteria and first intensity input criteria, perform a secondoperation distinct from the first operation, wherein: the first timingcriteria require that the input remain on the touch-sensitive surfacewhile a first time period elapses; and the first intensity inputcriteria require that the input satisfy a first intensity thresholddistinct from the activation intensity threshold at an end of orsubsequent to the first time period.
 33. The non-transitory computerreadable storage medium of claim 32, wherein: the input is a continuousgesture that includes a first increase in intensity and a secondincrease in intensity that is subsequent to the first increase inintensity and a decrease in intensity between the first increase inintensity and the second increase in intensity, while the input remainsin contact with the touch-sensitive surface between the first increasein intensity and the second increase in intensity; and the one or moreprograms include instructions, which, when executed by the electronicdevice, cause the device to: in response to detecting the first increasein intensity of the input, perform the second operation; and, inresponse to detecting the second increase in intensity of the input,perform the first operation.